有氧运动对老年轻度认知障碍患者认知功能的改善

Aerobic exercise improves the cognitive function of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment

背景:在当今老年人的人口基数不断增长的趋势下,老年人晚年的生活水平和生活质量受到广泛关注和研究。目的:文章介绍有氧运动对老年轻度认知障碍患者认知能力的影响,探讨不同周期的有氧运动对老年轻度认知障碍患者认知能力的效用及其可能的作用机制。方法:检索截止至2021年9月的Elsevier、Springer、Web of Science、PubMed、中国知网、万方数据、维普和中国台湾学术文献数据库中的相关文献,中文检索词包括“老年轻度认知障碍、有氧运动、老年人、认知功能、认知退化、急性有氧运动”;英文检索词包括“Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly,Aerobic exercise,The elderly,Cognitive ability,Cognitive decline,Acute aerobic exercise”,并根据研究需要确立相应的标准,对最终所得文献进行筛选。结果与结论:①有氧运动在干预老年轻度认知障碍患者的认知功能中起着正向调节作用;急性有氧运动提高脑源性神经生长因子水平;短期以及中-长期有氧运动通过提高老年轻度认知障碍患者的体适能水平,增加脑血流量,提高患者的认知能力和协调能力,有利于提高老年人的健康生活质量。②急性有氧运动改善患者注意力和抑制控制,短期和中长期有氧运动积极作用于记忆功能和神经网络,不同周期的有氧运动对患者认知功能的效益存在一定差异,但总体上坚持有氧运动可改善老年轻度认知障碍患者的认知功能,提高老年人的心肺适能,增加运动参与,但是特定认知领域的改善可能需要不同的有氧运动处方。③有氧运动与轻度认知障碍之间是动态变量过程,需要根据不同的患者采取特定的有氧运动处方进行干预,比如单域型、多域型轻度认知障碍。④有氧运动的介入改善认知功能可能与延缓患者脑区域面积萎缩、促进基因表达、增加大脑血流量等有关,但还未形成普遍认同机制。

BACKGROUND:Considering the current growing trend of the population base of the elderly,extensive attention has been paid to the living standards and quality of life of the elderly.OBJECTIVE:To introduce the effects of aerobic exercise on the cognitive abilities of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment,and to explore the effects of different cycles of aerobic exercise on the cognitive abilities of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment and the possible mechanisms.METHODS:Elsevier,Springer,Web of Science,PubMed,CNKI,WanFang,VIP,and Taiwan academic literature database were searched for relevant articles published before September 2021.The search terms included“mild cognitive impairment in the elderly,aerobic exercise,the elderly,cognitive ability,cognitive decline,acute aerobic exercise”in English and Chinese.Appropriate criteria were established as per the research needs,by which all the retrieved articles were screened.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Aerobic exercise plays a positive role in intervening the cognitive function of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment.Acute aerobic exercise increases the level of brain-derived nerve growth factor,while short-and mid-to-long-term aerobic exercises improve physical fitness,increase cerebral blood flow,enhance cognitive and coordination abilities in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment,all of which help improve the health and quality of life of the elderly.Acute aerobic exercises improve patient’s attention and inhibition control,and short-term and mid-to-long-term aerobic exercises positively act on memory function and neural network.There are certain differences in the benefits of aerobic exercise in different periods on patient’s cognitive function.Overall,persistent aerobic exercises can improve the cognitive function of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment,improve their cardiorespiratory fitness,and increase exercise participation.However,different aerobic exercise prescriptions are required for the improvement of specific cognitive areas.There is a dynamic variable process between aerobic exercise and mild cognitive impairment.Individual aerobic exercise prescriptions are necessary for patients with different types of cognitive impairment,such as single-and multi-domain mild cognitive impairment.Aerobic exercises can improve patient’s cognitive function,which may be related to delaying brain atrophy,promoting gene expression,and increasing cerebral blood flow,but there is no mechanism that is commonly accepted.