侦查思维的故事模型理论:经验事实的故事重建与构件证明

The Story Model of Investigative Thinking:Story Reconstruction and Component Proof of Empirical Facts

侦查语境的特殊性体现在侦查性发现相较“法律发现”的非对抗性,以及侦查性叙事整体性区别于法庭证明的构件拆分过程。对其特殊性的评估,有助于缓解“审判中心”下,集中于案卷笔录上的紧张关系。故事模型跳出了“原子论”的认识过程,代之以“整体论”的思维模式。其描述了侦查性发现中对多种线索信息以及更自由信息形式的拓展,明确了对经验事实的内心重建,理性思维是决定性因素。侦查故事需要统摄在案证据、解释推论链条。其问题是故事构建的“整体性”要求与“分离性”障碍,及推论链条梳理的证据问题。“关于故事构造的知识”是侦查叙事的核心内容。在辅助侦查性叙事的形成过程以及为故事模型提供规范性引导的过程中,准确性构成了评判事实认定理论的重要标准,而对错误风险防控的把握体现在应对“刑事错案种类泛化”理念修正中。

The particularity of Investigative context is reflected in the non-confrontational nature of Investigative discovery compared with“legal discovery”,and the integrity of investigation narrative is different from the separation process of court proof component.The evaluation of its particularity can help to alleviate the tension between the“Judgment Centralism”and“Investigation Centralism”.The story model jumps out of the process of understanding“atomism”,and replaces it with the thinking mode of“holism”.It explains the expansion of various clues and free information forms in investigative discovery,and clarifies that the internal reconstruction of empirical facts and rational thinking as the decisive factors.The investigative story needs to be integrated in the case evidence and explain explain the inference chain.The problems are the“integrity”requirement and“separation”barrier,and the evidence of the inference chain.“Knowledge about the construction of stories”is the core of the investigative narrative.In the process of construction of investigative narration and providing normative guidance for story model,accuracy play an important role of criterion for evaluating the story model,while the control of error risk is reflected in the revision of the concept of“misjudged case”.