俄罗斯的法律人类学:一个(几乎)无人知晓的学科的过去与现在

Legal anthropology in Russia:past and present state of an(almost)unknown discipline

本文介绍了俄罗斯法律人类学作为一门应用科学、学术科学以及大学学科近200年的发展历程,大致可分为三个阶段:18世纪到19世纪初的俄罗斯时期,苏联时期和所谓的后苏联时期,每个时期均各有特点。土著民族习惯法在俄罗斯人类学研究中一直占据重要地位,因此人类学不免带有社会学取向。"法律与权力"思潮在二十世纪逐渐流行起来。如今,关注的主题是法律如何对自然、文化和经济环境以及人口进行保护,与此相关,曾经占据主流的民族学倾向正在减弱。

The author describes the two-century evolution of legal anthropology in Russia as an applied science,an academic science and a university discipline.He divided the evolution into three stages:the Russian stage from the 18th century to the early 19th century,the Soviet stage and the so-called post-Soviet stage.Each stage was characterized by its own particularities.The customary law of indigenous peoples has always occupied an important place in Russian anthropological research studies,and thus the anthropological research inevitably has a sociological orientation.The theme“law and power”became fashionable in the 20th century.Nowadays,researchers pay more attention to how the law protects the natural,cultural and economic environment and the population,while the once dominant ethnological tendency has weakened.