论《战争与和平》中死亡书写的三重透视法

On the triple perspective of death writing in War and Peace

死亡书写既是《战争与和平》中生命意绪的出发点,也表现了作家对生命存在的终极思考,它历来是《战争与和平》作品研究中的重要问题。在这部鸿篇巨制中托尔斯泰不但采用散点透视法展示死亡的丰富面貌,而且利用焦点透视从安德烈与死亡的交锋处着笔揭示死亡的本质。此外,作家并未局限于对死亡世界的描绘,而是在生者和死者之间建立了"看与被看"的流动视角,运用反透视法,表达自己对生命本质的回望与思考。概言之,三重透视法是作家对死亡主题的多层次立体书写方式,拓展了死亡书写的广度与深度,表现出作家高超的艺术技巧与深沉的哲学探索。

Death writing is not only the starting point of life complexity in War and Peace,but also the expression of the writer’s ultimate thinking on the existence of life.It has always been an important issue in the study of War and Peace.In this book,Tolstoy not only used cavalier perspective to show diversity of death,but also used focus perspective to reveal the essence of death from the fight between Andrei and death.In addition,the writer didn’t limit himself to depiction of the dead world,but established a flowing perspective between the living and the dead,and used the method of inverse perspective to reveal his retrospection and reflection on the essence of life.In a word,the triple perspective is the writer’s multi-level and three-dimensional way of death writing,which expands the breadth and depth of death and shows the writer’s superb artistic skills and deep philosophical thinking.