2017年北京市18~79岁居民营养素补充剂服用现状及相关因素分析

Analysis of the current status and related factors of oral nutritional supplements intake among 18-79 years old in Beijing in 2017

目的了解2017年北京市18~79岁居民营养素补充剂服用现状及是否服用的相关因素。方法基于2017年北京市成年人慢性病与危险因素监测的相关数据,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取18~79岁常住居民,采集慢性病及相关危险因素、健康知识、营养素补充剂服用情况等信息,构建多因素logistic回归模型,分析是否服用营养素补充剂的相关因素。结果12696名调查对象自述过去12个月内营养素补充剂标化服用率为13.1%,以复合维生素(4.7%)、B族维生素(4.5%)、叶酸(3.2%)服用比例较高。服用率呈现青年人(18~39岁)及老年人(60~79岁)较高,中年人(40~59岁)服用率低的现象(χ^(2)=54.09,P<0.001);除70~79岁年龄段,其他各年龄段女性服用率均显著高于男性(P<0.05)。调整性别、年龄后,服用营养素补充剂的“三高”患者,其血压、血糖、血脂控制率均高于未服用营养素补充剂患者(P<0.05);相比于未服用者,营养素补充剂服用者对吸烟及二手烟的危害、健康指南推荐每日食用盐克数等健康知识知晓率更高(P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,服用营养素补充剂的人群特征包括女性、60~79岁、初中及以上文化程度、居住于城区、身体活动不足、存在睡眠问题、主动体检、高血压患者成功控制血压和知晓吸烟健康危害知识(P<0.05)。结论北京市18~79岁居民的营养素补充剂的服用与性别、年龄、文化程度、健康状况以及健康素养有关,应关注并正确引导重点人群服用营养素补充剂的行为。

Objective To understand the current status of taking nutrient supplements for residents aged 18 to 79 years old in Beijing and its related factors.Methods Data were gathered from the 2017 Beijing Non-communicable and Chronic Disease Surveillance Program.Multiple classified cluster sampling method was used,and participants aged 18-79 were sampled from 16 districts.The questionnaire included chronic diseases and related risk factors,health knowledge,and oral nutritional supplements within 12 months.Multivariate logistic regression models were established to analyze associated factors that affect the intake of nutrient supplements.Results The weighted prevalence of supplements use was 13.1%among 12696 subjects within the past 12 months.The proportions of multivitamins(4.7%),B vitamins(4.5%),and folic acid(3.2%)were higher.The prevalence of supplement use of young people(18-39 years old)and the elderly(60-79 years old)was higher than middle-aged people(40-59 years old)(χ^(2)=54.09,P<0.001).Except for the age group of 70-79 years old,the consumption rate of women was significantly higher than that of men(P<0.05).After adjusting age and sex,among patients with hypertension,diabetes,or dyslipidemia,the control rates of blood pressure,glucose and lipids of patients who take nutrient supplements were higher than those who do not(P<0.05).And participants who took nutrient supplements had a more heightened awareness rate of health knowledge,such as the hazards of smoking and second-hand smoke,and recommended amount of salt per day(P<0.001).The multi-factor logistic analysis found that nutrient supplement-related factors include women,old age,higher education level,living in urban,insufficient physical activity,sleeping problems,active physical examination,blood pressure control among patients,and health knowledge(P<0.05).Conclusions The factors of nutrient supplements use were related to sex,age,education level,health status,and health literacy.We should pay attention to key populations and guide them to establish the correct concept of taking nutrient supplements.