金属矿地震勘探进展与展望

Review of progress in seismic exploration in metallic deposits

随着浅部金属矿产资源逐渐开发殆尽,向第二深度空间(500~2 000 m)找矿是未来必然的趋势.在深部找矿中,常规重、磁、电法的探地信号急速衰弱,无法满足勘探要求,而地震信号具有很好的穿透性及深层分辨率,非常适合于深部探矿.因此,地震方法在金属矿勘探领域的潜力被国内外很多专家学者看好,并做了许多相关的研究工作.本文首先通过对五种典型金属矿床的特征分析,探讨了常规反射地震方法在金属矿勘探中的适用性,认为岩性、岩体尺度和反射界面特征是反射地震适用与否的关键因素;其次通过综述金属矿地震勘探在采集、处理、解释反演和被动源勘探技术四个方面的研究进展,总结了目前需解决的关键技术问题,并展望未来的发展前景.最后指出:(1)在反射地震为主流勘探方法的情况下,应将工作重心放在解释反演上,挖掘资料潜力;(2)应基于岩石物理学探索金属矿成矿作用对地震属性的影响;(3)散射波及被动源相关理论是未来金属矿地震勘探的重要发展方向.

With the exhaustion of near-surface metal mineral resources, exploration in the second space(500~2 000 m) is an inevitable trend in the future. The conventional gravity, magnetic and electrical signals are severely attenuated with depth and cannot meet the requirements of deep exploration. However, the seismic signal has great penetration and sufficient resolution in deep strata, which is very suitable for deep mineral prospecting.Therefore, the potential of using seismicity tools for mineral exploration has been accepted by many experts and scholars globally, and a lot of related research work has been carried out. This paper analyzes the geological features of five typical metallic deposits and discusses the applicability of conventional reflection seismic in mineral exploration. We believe that the lithology, deposit size, and reflection interface characteristics are the key factors for the seismic reflection exploration in metallic deposits. Furthermore, by reviewing the research progress in seismic acquisition,processing, interpretation, and passive source detection technology for mineral exploration, we summarize the key points to be solved and look forward to the development prospect of the seismic method for metallic deposits in the future. Finaly, according to the weakness of the seismic method, here we propose three suggestions for prospecting metallic deposits:(1) At present, the reflection seismic is the mainstream exploration method used in mineral exploration, so we should focus on interpretation and inversion to tap the potential of seismic data.(2) We should carry out related Petrophysics research, which is the efficient way to analyze the relationship between metal ore mineralization and seismic attributes.(3) In the future, seismic scattering theory and passive source detection technology are the important development direction of the seismic method for mineral exploration.