汤加火山2022年喷发回顾——对国内火山监测研究的启示

Review of the 2022 eruption of Tonga Volcano——Implications for domestic volcano monitoring researches

2022年1月15日汤加一座海底火山发生了猛烈的爆炸式喷发,喷出大量火山灰、气体与水蒸气,并进入平流层,形成巨大火山灰云团,引起国内外广泛关注.本文对汤加火山的地质构造背景、喷发历史、喷发过程、灾害影响、喷发机理等方面进行综合分析,详述此次汤加火山喷发的过程及灾害影响,由此引申到当前国内活火山的活动状态.长白山天池火山作为规模最大、最具潜在灾害性喷发危险的活火山,其火山监测预警研究工作应进一步加强.借鉴此次汤加火山灾害应对经验,科学研判火山动态、完善国内火山灾害风险监测预警系统尤为重要.

On January 15;, 2022, a submarine volcano in Tonga erupted violently and explosively, ejecting a large amount of ash, gas and water vapor which entered the stratosphere to form a huge ash cloud. The volcanic eruption caused widespread concern at home and abroad. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the geological background, eruption history, eruption process, disaster impact, and eruption mechanism of the Tonga Volcano. This draws attention to the current activity of active volcanoes in China, especially to Changbaishan Tianchi volcano, which is the largest active volcano with most potentially catastrophic eruption risk. It warns us that we should take precautionary measures to further strengthen the monitoring and early warning of domestic volcanic hazards. Drawing on the experience of this volcanic disaster in Tonga, it is particularly important to scientifically study and judge the dynamics of volcanoes and improve the domestic volcanic disaster risk monitoring and early warning system.