陈独秀的教育思想和教育实践

Educational Thoughts and Practices of Chen Duxiu

作为五四新文化运动的理论旗手和中国共产党的主要创始人,从20世纪初至五四运动前后,陈独秀站在中国教育从传统向近代和马克思主义教育转型的大潮中,力倡新式教育,力排封建教育,提出了诸多进步教育思想,主要包括:倡导西学教育与素质教育、国语教育和工人教育、情感教育和道德教育。这些教育思想突出体现在他改革北京大学文科和广东教育两大实践中,从而成为教育思想家和活动家。这些教育思想和实践极具革命性、实践性和发展性等特点,不仅具有批判封建教育的进步意义,而且对于中国近代教育革新和中国共产党教育思想的形成,都发挥了积极的推动作用,提供了重要启示。

As a theoretical pioneer of the May 4th New Culture Movement(1919)and one of the main founders of the Communist Party of China(CPC),Chen Duxiu(陈独秀)took the lead in the tide of the transformation of Chinese education from tradition to modern and Marxist education from the beginning of the 20th century to around the May 4th Movement.He advocated new education as against feudal education,and put forward many progressive educational ideas,including:western education and quality education,Mandarin education and workers education,emotional education and moral education.These educational thoughts are highlighted in his two major practices,i.e.,reforming liberal arts in Peking University and reforming Guang⁃dong education.He thus became an educational thinker and activist.These educational thoughts and practices are extremely revolutionary,practical and progressive.Criticizing feudal education,they played a positive role in promoting the educational innovation in modern China and in the formation of the CPC educational thoughts and provided valuable reference.