交游酬唱与登临咏怀——论清代端溪书院掌教士人的诗歌创作

Reminiscence of Friendship and Ascending the Heights--On the Poetry Creation of the Leaders of Duanxi Academy in the Qing Dynasty

有清一代,端溪书院历任院长中进士占大多数,且不乏具有全国影响的著名学者。清代修纂的端溪书院志书保存了一些端溪书院掌教士人与书院相关的诗歌作品。这些诗歌作品主要内容为一是书院师生之间雅集吟咏、赠别酬唱、悼念学子的作品,可统称为交游酬唱类作品。二是关于书院的登临咏怀作品。用“诗用”视域探析这些诗歌作品,一方面可见这些诗歌在社会交往中产生了彼此生命交通之“感通”的效用,并体现了古代诗歌具有“教化”与精神慰疗的效用;另一方面,可见登临咏怀的作品乃是通过诗人的“兴发感动”,通过“引譬连类”创造“情景交融”的诗境,再通过社会交往而产生“感通”的效用。这不仅表明掌教士人的诗歌创作是“诗言志”,而且具有实现“群”的社会文化性功用。

During the Qing Dynasty,most of the presidents of Duanxi Academy were Jinshi,many of whom were notable scholars with national influence.The annals of Duanxi Academy compiled in the Qing Dynasty preserved some poems and works related to the academy by the priests of the academy.The main contents of these poetry are:first,the works of elegant chanting between teachers and students of the academy,presenting gifts and memories of students,which can be collectively referred to as the works of social intercourse.The second is the works about the hiking trips made by the members of the academy.From the perspective of"poetic use",we can see on the one hand that these poems play the role of"sense communication"in social communication,reflecting the poetic functions of"enlightenment"and spiritual healing.On the other hand,it can be seen that the works of the poet's mountain climbing create a poetic landscape of"blending scenes"through"quotations and classes",producing the effect of"rapport"through social communication,which indicates that the poetry creation of the leaders aims at"poetry expressing aspiration",but also functions as a social and cultural"community".