论我国的污染环境刑事责任制度

On the Criminal Liability System of Environmental Pollution in China

我国的“污染环境罪”已经立法化,并且犯罪主体扩大到了单位,在定罪量刑上也有所细化。但根据2015—2020年有关环境犯罪的相关判决来看,污染环境刑事追责机制仍然有一定缺陷,其中包括:刑罚种类比较单一且量刑较轻;生态环境法益在刑罚体系中未得到充分反映;环境违法犯罪成本较低等。为了有效防范环境污染事件发生,发挥刑法预防和惩罚功能,有必要在立法上将环境法益完全体现在环境刑事法律体系中,对于污染环境罪考量多个量刑情节,增加刑罚种类;在司法实践中,确有必要可设立环境污染专门化职能机构,加强对我国的环境刑事责任机制建设。

China's"crime of polluting the environment"has been legislated,and the subject of the crime has been expanded to organizations,and the conviction and sentencing have been refined.However,according to the relevant sentences on environmental crimes from 2015 to 2020,there are still some defects in the criminal accountability mechanism for environmental pollution,including relatively limited types of penalties and light sentencing;The legal interests of ecological environment are not fully reflected in the penalty system;The cost of environmental crime is low,etc.In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of environmental pollution incidents and give full play to the preventive and punitive functions of criminal law,it is necessary to fully reflect the environmental legal interests in the environmental criminal legal system,consider multiple sentencing circumstances and increase the types of penalties for the crime of environmental pollution;In judicial practice,it is indeed necessary to establish specialized functional institutions for environmental pollution and strengthen the construction of the mechanism for the safeguarding of China's environmental criminal responsibility.