深耕配施有机肥对云南保山植烟土壤肥力的快速提升效应

The Rapid Improvement Effect of Deep Tillage Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Fertility Quality of Tobacco Planting Soil in Baoshan

为研究土壤耕作深度与有机肥对植烟土壤肥力的快速提升效果,设置3种耕作深度(S1:深耕10 cm;S2:深耕20 cm;S3:深耕30 cm)与2种有机肥(OF:商品有机肥;FM:农家肥)的交互试验,研究一个生长季内不同处理对土壤物理结构、养分变化及酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)耕作深度与有机肥种类对土壤物理特性无显著影响。二者互作可显著提高0~20和20~40 cm土层土壤有机质含量。S3FM可显著提高0~20 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮和硝态氮含量及20~40 cm土层土壤有机质的含量。(2)耕作深度×有机肥种类可显著影响0~20和20~40 cm土层脲酶活性。S1FM较S1OF显著提高0~20和20~40 cm土层蔗糖酶活性41.75%和14.29%;当均施用农家肥时,脲酶的活性在耕深30 cm达到最高,较其他处理增幅最高达57.89%。(3)土壤肥力质量综合评价表明,S3FM处理0~20和20~40 cm土层土壤肥力质量得分均最高,分别为0.58与0.74。可见,农家肥深耕30 cm可实现在一个生长季内提升保山植烟土壤肥力质量的目的。

The effect of tillage depth combined with the application of organic fertilizer on the rapid improvement of tobacco soil fertility was studied in 2020.Three tillage depths(S1:tillage depth at 10 cm;S2:tillage depth at 20 cm;S3:tillage depth at 30 cm) and two types of organic fertilizers(OF:commercial organic fertilizer,FM:farmyard manure) were set in a field experiment.Effects of different treatments on soil physical structure,nutrient content and soil enzyme activities were explored in a single growth season.The results showed:(1) Tillage depth combined with the application of organic fertilizer had no significant effect on soil physical structure.The interaction effects of tillage depth × organic fertilizer type can benefit soil organic matter content in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers.S3 FM can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the 0-20 cm soil layer,and the content of soil organic matter in the 20-40 cm soil layer.(2) The interaction effects of tillage depth × organic fertilizer had significant effects on urease activity in the 0~20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers.Compared with S1 OF,S1 FM treatment significantly increased the sucrase activity in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers by 41.75% and 14.29%.When the type of farmyard manure was fixed,compared with other treatments,the activity of urease reached the highest significance level at the depth of 30 cm,and the increase was as high as 57.89%.(3) The comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility quality showed that S3 FM had the highest soil quality scores in 0-20 cm(0.58) and 20-40 cm(0.74) soil layers,respectively.Therefore,tillage depth at 30 cm combined with organic fertilizer could achieve the purpose of improving tobacco planting soil fertility of Baoshan in a single growing season.