供应链多维协同创新与企业绩效:一项元分析的检验

The multi-dimensional collaborative innovation of supply chain and firm performance:A test based on meta-analysis

供应链环境下越来越多的企业积极探索协同创新,但有关供应链协同创新与企业绩效关系研究尚未形成一致结论。基于此,本文采用元分析方法,以2006-2019共14年的54个独立样本为研究对象(样本总量为16623),全面探究供应链协同创新与企业绩效的整体效应,深入挖掘供应链协同创新内容维度、主体维度和企业绩效的关系,并运用亚组分析探究调节变量在两者关系中的调节效应。研究结果表明:(1)就整体效应而言,供应链协同创新与企业绩效之间存在中等程度的正相关;(2)就内容维度而言,供应链协同知识创新、协同技术创新和协同管理创新均对企业绩效发挥正向影响;就主体维度而言,供应商参与协同创新、客户参与协同创新与跨部门参与协同创新均能显著提升企业绩效;(3)就调节效应而言,高权力距离、阳刚性和长期导向的国家文化更有益于供应链协同创新的实施;市场环境稳定时的实施效果比动态的市场环境下更显著;发展中国家实施供应链协同创新对企业绩效的促进作用比发达国家更显著。本研究拓展了供应链协同创新的理论研究,为供应链企业实施协同创新提供了管理启示。

In a business environment where competition is intense,companies face tremendous pressures to develop new products and new services.Therefore,an increasing number of companies choose to collaborate with partners in their supply chain to share knowledge,resources,and technologies.The collaborative innovation of supply chain has become an important strategy for companies to gain competitive advantage.However,previous studies have not reached a consensus on the relationship between the collaborative innovation of supply chain and firm performance.In general,there are three different views on this relationship,including linear positive correlation,linear negative correlation,and irrelevance.Moreover,previous research has not explored the collaborative innovation of supply chain from a multi-dimensional perspective and has neglected the moderating variables,which may produce inconsistent views about the relationship between the collaborative innovation of supply chain and firm performance.Therefore,to further explore the relationship between the collaborative innovation of supply chain and firm performance,this paper applies the meta-analysis method to integrate previous empirical research.First,this paper comprehensively searches the literature by conducting keyword searches and establishes several criteria to screen the studies that meet the criteria of meta-analysis.Therefore,the coding database of this meta-analysis comprises 54 independent samples of 16623 observations,covering 14 years of research studies(2006-2019).Next,this paper analyses the effect size and sample size obtained from each sample by using CMA2.0 software.Second,to ensure the reliability of the results,publication bias tests are performed by applying the funnel plot,Begg test and fail-safe number methods,and heterogeneity tests are performed based on the Q-value and I^(2)-value.Third,the overall effect of the relationship between the collaborative innovation of supply chain and firm performance is examined.This study also explores the multi-dimensional collaborative innovation of supply chain by discussing it from the content dimension and subject dimension.Moreover,sub-group analysis is applied to further explore the role of moderating variables.Finally,a sensitivity analysis is conducted to confirm the robustness of the results.The study presents some important results.First,the tests of publication bias confirm that this paper does not suffer from publication bias.A significant Q-value and a high value of I^(2) suggest the high heterogeneity of the samples and that a random effects model should be used rather than a fixed effects model.Second,regarding the overall effect,the collaborative innovation of supply chain is positively related to firm performance.For the content dimension,collaborative knowledge innovation,collaborative technological innovation,and collaborative management innovation of supply chain have significant positive effects on firm performance.In particular,the collaborative knowledge innovation of supply chain is more effective in stimulating innovation performance than other innovations.For the subject dimension,collaborative innovation with suppliers,customers and cross-functional departments can significantly improve firm performance.Supplier participation and customer participation can have more significant impacts than cross-functional departments on firm performance.For the moderating effects,this relationship is moderated by differences in the national culture,environmental dynamism and sampling area.More specifically,moderate levels of power distance and masculinity as well as long-term orientation can maximize the correlation between the collaborative innovation of supply chain and firm performance.The correlation in a stable market environment is larger than that in a dynamic environment.The promotion effect is more significant in developing regions than in developed regions.However,to our surprise,the performance measurement dimension does not present a significant moderating role.Finally,sensitivity analysis confirms that the relationship between the collaborative innovation of supply chain and innovation performance is stable.In summary,this study examines the impact of the multi-dimensional collaborative innovation of supply chain on firm performance and identifies a moderating mechanism by using the meta-analysis method.Thus,this study not only expands the application of meta-analysis methods in the field of collaborative innovation but also deepens the understanding of the relationship between the multi-dimensional collaborative innovation of supply chain and firm performance.Moreover,the research results offer some managerial recommendations and suggestions for firms:on the one hand,firms need to seek close collaborations with supply chain partners and actively share their knowledge,technology and management resources with them;on the other hand,firms should take full account of the cultural and regional characteristics as well as environmental dynamism in the process of collaborative innovation to obtain improved performance.