参与标准研制对企业绩效有影响吗?--战略性新兴产业的研究

Does participation in standard development affect corporate performance?Research on strategic emerging industries

企业是标准研制的主体,能否获得及获得多少收益是企业决定是否参与标准研制的关键变量。本文以战略性新兴产业为例,将企业是否参与标准研制作为类别变量,企业的经营收益作为目标变量,企业的资本投入、劳动投入、政府、创新和控股股东这几个因素作为控制变量,并将企业按照规模、组织形式、地区和企业参与研制的标准分类,分别进行了全样本和分类别的PSM匹配分析。结论显示:从整体角度看,战略新兴产业企业参与标准研制能从利润水平方面提升绩效,但稳健性不够,主要源于其强烈的异质性特点;参与研制的大企业能从企业规模和利润水平两方面提升企业绩效,而小企业只能从企业规模方面提升绩效;非国有企业参与标准研制对企业规模和利润水平两方面绩效都有正向促进作用,且作用较为稳健;东部和中部地区的企业参与标准研制分别能够增加其利润水平和企业规模;另外,参与地方标准的研制有利于从利润水平方面提升企业绩效。在此基础上,提出若干推动企业积极参与标准研制的政策建议。

In the 21^(st)century when global economy develops rapidly and scientific technology evolves quickly,China is currently in a critical period to transform from a major manufacturer of science and technology to a powerful manufacturer.The essence of this transformation is to change from the backward to the advanced,and one of the important indicators to measure the change is the standard.Therefore,the formulation and promotion of standardization are of vital importance to the economic development and the social stability.Enterprises are for-profit subjects,and the purpose of all their behaviors and strategies is to obtain economic benefits.Whether they can obtain benefits and how many benefits they can obtain is the key variable for enterprises to decide whether to participate in standard development.Previous relevant literatures have proved that the formulation and promotion of standardization are beneficial to the development of various industries and the society,but they mainly stay at the macro level,and provide little theoretical and empirical evidence for the viewpoint that enterprises who participate in standard development can generate benefits.Particularly in China where enterprises confront the problem to develop standards of different scales,natures,regions and types,it is even more complicated to identify whether enterprises can obtain benefits and how many benefits they can obtain.Therefore,this paper takes enterprises of the strategic emerging industries for example and adopts propensity score matching(PSM)method to empirically analyze the influence of whether enterprises participate in standard development on the revenues of enterprises.According to the classification of strategic emerging industries mentioned in Decision on Speeding up the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries by the State Council of China,this paper chooses six industries as the research objects,including the next-generation information technology industry,high-end equipment manufacturing industry,advanced nonferrous metal materials industry,advanced inorganic nonmetallic materials industry,new-energy automobile industry,and new energy industry;chooses the data about the drafting units of China National Standard,Industrial Standard and Local Standard as of 2018 from China Standards Online Service Network and Local Standards Information Service Platform,and the relevant data about the 2018 operations of listed companies in the abovementioned six industries for analysis.First,this paper takes whether enterprises participate in standard development as the category variable,the income from operation of enterprises as the target variable,and these factors,including capital input,labor input,government,innovation and controlling shareholders of enterprises as the control variable for the PSM matching analysis.This paper also classifies enterprises according to their scales,organization forms,regions,and the standards whose development enterprises participate in for the heterogeneity analysis which include three matching methods,such as nearest neighbor matching,radius matching and kernel matching.After PSM matching,the samples of the treatment group and the control group are successfully matched,and there are no significant difference between the models and the samples of the treatment group and the control group that control variables.The matching results show that the t value corresponding to the ATT value of different target variables in both the full sample and the classification matching has passed the significance test.When the ATT value is positive,it means that participation in standard development can improve the business performance of enterprises,and when the ATT value is negative,it means that participation in standard development can reduce the business performance of enterprises.More specifically,enterprises that participate in standard development can increase their gross profit.Large enterprises that participate in standard development can expand their scale and profit,while small enterprises that participate in standard development can expand their scale;non-state-owned enterprises that participate in standard development can exert positive and stable influence on their revenues,namely,scale and profit;enterprises in the eastern and central regions that participate in standard development can respectively increase their profit and sale;enterprises that participate in local standard development can beneficially improve their profit.From the above,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to encourage enterprises to actively participate in standard development.Firstly,enterprises should actively and initiatively attach importance to participating in local standard development;non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises in the eastern and central regions should arouse the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in standard development,especially local standard development,and meanwhile pay attention to discovering,cultivating and encouraging talents.Secondly,state and government should get a more in-depth understanding of standardization and issue policies to enhance the awareness of enterprises in the industry to improve the quantity and quality of standards.They should also highlight key points,optimize government-led standards and increase the participation of enterprises in local standard development.As well,they ought to strengthen financial and technical supports for enterprises to participate in standard development,and encourage non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises in the eastern and central regions to participate in standard development.