退渔还湖和人工增殖放流对南四湖渔业生态修复的影响评价

Impact assessment of returning fishing to lakes and artificial releasing on fishery ecological restoration in Nansihu Lake

南四湖是中国北方最大的淡水湖泊和重要的淡水渔业基地。近几年,济宁市人民政府实施南四湖省级自然保护区内核心区和缓冲区网箱、网围、池塘养殖全面退养政策,开展人工增殖放流,补充底栖动物、滤食性鱼类等,促进渔业转型升级,对南四湖水生动植物数量和质量有效修复,建立了以鲢鳙鱼、鲤鱼、鲫鱼等为主的水产群种、优势种,杜绝了多年来渔业“无序、无度、无偿”生产的状况,水体富营养化状况好转,鱼类产卵场、索饵场、越冬场品质极大优化,渔业资源趋于稳定,年捕捞量稳中有升,凸显了良好的社会效益和经济效益。通过对增殖放流渔获量的抽样检测和渔获物统计资料,跟踪和研究南四湖生产捕捞数量,科学定制南四湖渔业主体功能区规划,对建立和完善渔业增殖评估具有积极指导意义。

Nansihu Lake is the largest freshwater lake and an important freshwater fishery base in northern China.In recent years,Jining Municipal People's Government has implemented the comprehensive policy of returning to the core area and buffer zone of Nansihu Provincial Nature Reserve with cage,net enclosure and pond breeding,carried out artificial proliferation and release,supplemented benthic animals and filt-feeding fish,promoted the transformation and upgrading of fishery,and effectively restored the quantity and quality of aquatic animals and plants in Nansihu Lake.Established mainly silver carps aristichthys nobilis,carp,crucian carp,etc of the aquatic species,dominant species,to eliminate the fishery"disorder,excess,free of charge"for years the status of the production,eutrophication situation improves,spawning grounds,feeding grounds,wintering grounds quality greatly optimized,fishery resources tends to be stable,the year catches are highlighted the good social benefit and economic benefit.It has positive guiding significance to establish and perfect fishery multiplication evaluation to track and study fishery quantity of Nansihu Lake,scientifically customize fishery main function area planning through sampling detection and statistics of fishery catch.