遮阳棚对隧道进出口明暗适应的影响规律研究

On Influence of the Shading Shed on the Driver′s Light-dark Adaptation at Tunnel Entrances and Exits

为研究隧道进出口路段驾驶员明暗适应的特性及遮阳棚对明暗适应过程的影响规律,文章依托紫荆隧道(无遮阳棚)及巴朗山隧道(有遮阳棚)进行驾驶试验,以驾驶员瞳孔直径及其变化速率为研究参数,分析遮阳棚对隧道进出口路段明暗适应的缓冲效果。研究结果表明:暗适应过程90%以上发生在洞内段,明适应过程54.61%以上发生在洞内段;在隧道进口段暗适应过程中,通过遮阳棚时间为2 s时,最大瞳孔直径变化速率下降4.84%,通过遮阳棚时间为5 s时,最大瞳孔直径变化速率下降33.58%;在隧道出口段明适应过程中,通过遮阳棚时间为2 s时,最大瞳孔直径变化速率下降38.75%,通过遮阳棚的时间为5 s时,最大瞳孔直径变化速率下降49.97%。

In order to study the characteristics of driver′s light-dark adaptation at tunnel entrance/exit sections and the influence of shading shed on the adaptation process, this paper is based on the Zijing tunnel(without shading shed) and Balangshan tunnel(with shading shed) to conduct real vehicle driving tests, in which the distribution law of light-dark adaptation and the buffering effect of the shading shed on the light-dark adaptation process at tunnel entrance/exit sections are analyzed by taking the driver′s pupil diameter and the variation rate of pupil diameter as evaluating indicators. The study results show that over 90% of the dark adaptation process and over 54.61% of the light adaptation process occur inside the tunnel;during the dark adaptation at the tunnel entrance section, the maximum pupil diameter change rate decreases by 4.84% when the time passing through the shading shed is 2 seconds and by33.58% when the time passing through the shading shed is 5 seconds;during the light adaptation at the tunnel exit section, the maximum pupil diameter change rate decreases by 38.75% when the time passing through the shading shed is 2 seconds and by 49.97% when the time passing through the shading shed is 5 seconds.