2008—2018年新疆维吾尔自治区采矿业职业性尘肺病病例分析

Analysis of occupational pneumoconiosis cases in mining industry in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2008-2018

目的了解新疆维吾尔自治区采矿业职业性尘肺病例分布特征,为新疆尘肺病防治策略提供科学依据。方法收集2008年1月1日—12月31日新疆维吾尔自治区采矿业新发职业性尘肺病病例,用SPSS 22.0进行统计分析。结果2008—2018年,全区采矿业从业人员新发职业性尘肺病826例,以煤工尘肺为主,多为壹期尘肺。发病数2010年出现最高峰值后呈下降趋势;发病率2011年出现大幅下降,2014—2017年呈现上升趋势。大型企业发生的职业性尘肺病病例,92.7%首次诊断为壹期,6.6%首次诊断为贰期,0.7%首次诊断为叁期;小型企业发生的职业性尘肺病病例,69.9%首次诊断为壹期,22.8%首次诊断为贰期,7.3%首次诊断为叁期。不同规模企业发生尘肺病首次诊断的期别构成不同,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=66.64,P<0.01)。发病年龄最小27.0岁,最大86.0岁,平均(51.5±10.9)岁,72.4%的病例年龄在40.6~62.4岁之间;发病年龄箱式图显示,发病年龄中位数无明显变化,四分位数间距有缩小趋势。发病工龄最小1.1年,最大38.1年,平均(16.0±9.1)年,60.7%病例发病工龄在6.9~25.1年;发病工龄箱式图显示,发病工龄中位数有前移趋势。结论新疆采矿业职业性尘肺病防治形式不容乐观,应重点加强煤工尘肺的防治和对用人单位尤其是小企业的主体责任落实监管。

Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis cases in mining industry in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,provide scientific basis for pneumoconiosis prevention and control strategy in Xinjiang.Methods The new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in mining industry in the whole region from January 1,2008 to December 31,2018 were collected.SPSS 22.0 was used in statistical analysis.Results From 2008 to 2018,there were 826 new cases of occupational pneumoconiosis among employees in the mining industry in the region,mainly coal workers’pneumoconiosis,most of which were stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis.After peaking in 2010,the number of cases showed an overall downward trend.The incidence rate dropped sharply in 2011,and increased from 2014 to 2017.Of the occupational pneumoconiosis cases in large enterprises,92.73%were diagnosed as stage Ⅰ for the first time,6.6% were diagnosed as stage Ⅱ for the first time,and 0.7%were diagnosed as stage Ⅲ for the first time.Of the occupational pneumoconiosis cases in small enterprises,69.9% were diagnosed as stage Ⅰ for the first time,22.8% were diagnosed as stage Ⅱ for the first time,and 7.3%were diagnosed as stage Ⅲ for the first time.The difference in the constituent of diagnosis period for the first time was statistically significant among enterprises of different scale(χ^(2)=66.64,P<0.01).The youngest and oldest age of onset was 27.0 years old and86.0 years old respectively with an average of(51.5±10.9)years old.72.4% of the cases aged from 40.6 to 62.4 years old.The box chart of age at onset showed that the median age at onset had no significant change,but the interquartile interval had a decreasing trend.The minimum working age of onset was 1.1 years,and the maximum was 38.1 years,with an average of(16.0±9.1)years.The working age of onset was 6.9-25.1 years in 60.7% cases.The box chart showed that the median length of service had a forward trend.Conclusion The prevention and treatment of occupational pneumoconiosis cases in mining industry in Xinjiang is not optimistic,so it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and treatment of coal workers’pneumoconiosis and improve the supervision of the implementation of the main responsibility of employers,especially small enterprises.