职业接触汽油和硫化氢对工人血常规和血清生化检查结果的影响

Effects of occupational exposure to gasoline and hydrogen sulfide on routine blood and serum biochemical test results of workers

目的通过工作场所职业危害因素检测,结合职业接触汽油和硫化氢工人的血常规、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和血糖的检测结果,探讨职业危害对工人健康的影响。方法2019年4—7月,按国家职业卫生标准方法测定盘锦市某石化公司职业病危害因素,并以该公司工作中接触汽油和硫化氢的389名工人为接触组,以无职业接触史的369名健康检查者为对照组,检测2组人员的血常规、ALT和血糖3项指标,并对检测结果进行分析。结果该公司工作场所中汽油和硫化氢均未超标。血常规结果,女性接触组血常规异常率(14.3%)高于对照组(5.9%),红细胞、血小板、白细胞和中性粒细胞[(4.29±0.31)×10^(9)/L、(234.9±51.9)×10^(9)/L、(6.11±1.32)×10^(9)/L和(3.61±1.10)×10^(9)/L]计数均低于对照组[(4.43±0.31)×10^(9)/L、(248.3±57.1)×10^(9)/L、(6.48±1.44)×10^(9)/L和(3.90±1.11)×10^(9)/L],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);红细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞随工龄的增长有减少趋势,红细胞平均体积随工龄的增长有增大趋势(均P<0.05)。男性接触组红细胞和血小板[(4.96±0.38)×10^(9)/L、(219.4±47.2)×10^(9)/L]计数均低于对照组[(5.25±0.36)×10^(9)/L、(232.1±46.4)×10^(9)/L],且随工龄的增长有减少趋势(均P<0.01);血红蛋白和中性粒细胞[(155.8±9.2)×g/L、(3.64±1.08)×10^(9)/L]均低于对照组[(157.6±9.5)×g/L、(3.83±1.01)×10^(9)/L],淋巴细胞[2.2(1.9,2.7)×10^(9)/L]高于对照组[2.1(1.8,2.5)×10^(9)/L],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);红细胞平均体积高于对照组且随工龄的增长有增大趋势(P<0.01)。生化结果中男性和女性ALT[21(16,31)、13(11,17)U/L]均高于对照组[19(12,28)、11(9,15)U/L],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论职业接触汽油和硫化氢可能对该公司工人的身体健康有一定程度的影响,应加强实施更有效的防护。

Objective To explore the effects of occupational hazards on the health of workers exposed to gasoline and hydrogen sulfide through the detection of occupational hazard factors in the workplace and the results of blood routine,serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and blood glucose of workers.Methods From April to July 2019,the occupational hazard factors in a petrochemical company of Panjin City were detected according to the national occupational hygiene standard methods.The 389 workers exposed to gasoline and hydrogen sulfide in the company were selected as the exposure group,while 369 medical checkup people without occupational exposure were recruited in the control group.The blood routine,ALT and blood glucose of the workers in two groups were detected,and the test results were analyzed.Results The levels of gasoline and hydrogen sulfide in the company’s workplace did not exceed limits.In blood routine results,the abnormal rate in the female exposure group(14.3%)was higher than that in the control group(5.9%),the counts of red blood cell,platelet,white blood cell and neutrophils in the female exposure group[(4.29±0.31)×10^(9)/L,(234.9±51.9)×10^(9)/L,(6.11±1.32)×10^(9)/L and(3.61±1.10)×10^(9)/L]were lower than those in the control group[(4.43±0.31)×10^(9)/L,(248.3±57.1)×10^(9)/L,(6.48±1.44)×10^(9)/L and(3.90±1.11)×10^(9)/L],and the differences was statistically significant(all P<0.05).The red blood cells,neutrophils and lymphocytes decreased with the increase of working age,while the average volume of red blood cells increased with the increase of working age(all P<0.05).The counts of red blood cell and platelet in the male exposure group[(4.96±0.38)×10^(9)/L and(219.4±47.2)×10^(9)/L]were lower than those in the control group[(5.25±0.36)×10^(9)/L and(232.1±46.4)×10^(9)/L],and decreased with the increase of working age(all P<0.05).The levels of hemoglobin and neutrophils[(155.8±9.2)×g/L and(3.64±1.08)×10^(9)/L]were lower than those in the control group[(157.6±9.5)×g/L and(3.83±1.01)×10^(9)/L],while the lymphocyte level[2.2(1.9,2.7)×10^(9)/L]was higher than that in the control group[2.1(1.8,2.5)×10^(9)/L],and the differences was statistically significant(all P<0.05).The average volume of red blood cells was higher than that of the control group,and increased with the increase of l working age(P<0.01).Biochemical results showed that ALT levels[21(16,31)U/L and13(11,17)U/L]in male and female exposure groups were higher than those in the control group[19(12,28)U/L and 11(9,15)U/L],and the differences was statistically significant(all P<0.01).Conclusion Occupational exposure to gasoline and hydrogen sulfide has a certain degree of impact on the health of the company’s workers,and more effective protection should be strengthened.