破壁灵芝孢子粉的急性和亚急性毒性评价

Acute and subacute toxicity evaluation of broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder

目的评价破壁灵芝孢子粉的食用安全性。方法进行大鼠和小鼠急性经口毒性试验和大鼠28天喂养试验。选用SPF级KM小鼠和SD大鼠,急性经口毒性试验设15000 mg/(kg·bw)一个剂量组,大、小鼠分别随机分成两组,共4组,每组同系同性10只动物。按20 mL/(kg·bw)经口灌胃,首次染毒后观察14天。28天喂养试验设750、1500、3000 mg/(kg·bw)3个剂量组(分别相当于人体推荐摄入量的25、50、100倍)和对照组(全价颗粒饲料),每组同系同性10只动物。第一次染毒后观察28天。每周测量体质量和进食量,染毒结束后测定血常规和血生化指标,解剖大鼠称量脏器,观察有无病理改变。结果大、小鼠急性经口最大耐受剂量(maximum tolerated dose,MTD)值均大于15000 mg/(kg·bw),属于无毒级。大鼠28天喂养试验设750、1500、3000 mg/(kg·bw)3个剂量组和对照组,结果显示,没有发现试验动物在试验过程中出现中毒和死亡情况,每个剂量组的进食量、食物利用率、体质量增重、脏体比值、血常规及末期血生化指标检测结果与阴性对照组比较,除雌鼠高剂量第1周进食量、白细胞计数、血糖显著降低,低中剂量组总蛋白和白蛋白升高,雄鼠高剂量组血糖升高外(均P<0.05),其余指标差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。大鼠脏器和组织都没有发现异常。结论在本次实验条件下,破壁灵芝孢子粉没有显示有急性和亚急性毒性。

Objective To evaluate the edible safety of broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder.Methods The acute oral toxicity test of mice and rats and 28-day feeding test on rats were performed.SPF KM mice and SD rats were selected.The dose group of15000 mg/(kg·bw)was set for acute oral toxicity test,mice and rats were randomly divided into two groups respectively,a total of four groups,and 10 homologous animals of the same sex in each group.20 mL/(kg·bw)was administered orally and the animals were observed for 14 days after the first exposure.Three dose groups of 750,1500,3000 mg/(kg·bw)(it is equivalent to25,50 and 100 times of the recommended intake of human body)and the control group(complete nutritional pellets)were set for28-day feeding test,10 homologous animals of the same sex in each group.And the animals were observed for 28 days after the first exposure.The body mass and food intake were measured every week.After exposure,the blood routine and blood biochemical indexes were measured.The organs of rats were dissected and weighed to observe whether there were pathological changes.Results The acute oral maximum tolerated dose(MTD)for mice and rats was more than15000 mg/(kg·bw),belonging to non-toxic grade.There were three dose groups[750,1500,3000 mg/(kg·bw)]and the control group in rat 28-day feeding test.The results showed that no poisoning and death were found during the test.The food intake,food utilization rate,body weight gain,visceral body ratio,blood routine and end-stage blood biochemical indexes in each dose groups were compared with those in the control group.The food intake in the first week,leukocyte count and blood glucose of female rats in high dose group decreased significantly,the levels of total protein and albumin in low and medium dose groups increased,and the blood glucose of male rats in high dose group increased(all P<0.05).And there were no statistically significant differences in other indexes(all P>0.05).No abnormalities were found in organs and tissues of rats.Conclusion Under the experimental conditions,broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder shows no acute toxicity and subacute toxicity.