2005—2020年宝鸡市食品中单核细胞增生性李斯特菌污染情况调查

Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in food in Baoji City from 2005-2020

目的了解宝鸡市食品中单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(L.monocytogenes,L.m)的污染状况,为预防食源性疾病的发生提供参考依据。方法按照国家标准检验方法对2005—2020年采集的2680份食品进行检测并进行菌株分离纯化,鉴定采用API Liste ria生化鉴定条和VITEK 2 COMPACT高智能全自动微生物仪。结果2005—2020年共检测各类食品样品2680份,检出L.m 213株,总阳性率为7.95%;有36份食品样品同时检测出含单增李斯特菌2种或3种致病菌,含单增李斯特菌混合污染率为1.34%。不同年份样品中L.m的检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=99.512,P<0.01),其中2005年的检出率最高(24.00%),其次为2008年(15.12%),检出率最低为2013年(0.41%)。12大类食品中L.m的检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=101.962,P<0.01);其中冷冻肉糜制品检出率最高(36.36%),其次是调理肉制品(35.71%),而饮料及冷冻饮品、乳与乳制品等5类食品均未检出L.m。不同季度样品中L.m的检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=280.38,P<0.01),第三季度食品的阳性检出率最高(8.96%),其次为第二季度(8.14%),第一季度最低(1.25%)。结论2005—2020年宝鸡市各类食品存在不同程度的L.m污染,且存在含其他致病菌的混合性污染,有引发公共卫生问题的安全隐患,应该引起监管部门的注意。

Objective To investigate the contamination status of L.monocytogenes(L.m)in food in Baoji City,provide scientific basis for the prevention of foodborne diseases.Methods According to the national standard inspection method,2680 food samples collected from 2005 to 2020 were detected,isolated and purified.API Liste ria biochemical identification strip and VITEK 2 COMPACT high intelligent automatic microbiology instrument were used for identification.Results A total of 2680 food samples were detected from 2005 to 2020,213 strains of L.m were detected,with a total positive rate of 7.95%.Two or three pathogens which include L.m were detected in 36 food samples,and the mixed contamination rate was 1.34%.There was statistically significant difference in the detection rate of L.m among different years(χ^(2)=99.512,P<0.01).The highest detection rate was in 2005(24.00%),followed by that in 2008(15.12%),and the lowest detection rate was in 2013(0.41%).The difference was statistically significant in the detection rate of L.m among 12 categories of food(χ^(2)=101.962,P<0.01).Among them,the detection rate of frozen meat products was the highest(36.36%),followed by prepared meat products(35.71%),while L.m was not detected in five types of food,including beverages and frozen drinks,milk and dairy products.The difference was statistically significant in the detection rate of L.m among different seasons(χ^(2)=280.38,P<0.01).The positive rate of food in the third quarter was the highest(8.96%),followed by that in the second quarter(8.14%),and the lowest in the first quarter(1.25%).Conclusion Various kinds of food in Baoji City are contaminated with L.m to different degrees,and there are mixed contamination containing other pathogenic bacteria,which may lead to hidden safety problems of public health,and should attract the attention of the regulatory authorities.