美国铍矿产业供需格局及产业政策分析

Analysis on the supply and demand pattern and industrial policy of beryllium mine industry in the United States

铍是全球稀缺的战略性矿产资源,其产业发展对于世界经济至关重要。美国不仅是铍资源大国,而且是全球铍资源利用历史最悠久的国家,美国的铍矿产业供需安全对世界铍矿产业未来发展具有重大影响。本文分别从产业链和国际贸易角度对美国铍矿产业供需格局与贸易形势进行分析,在此基础上,结合美国铍矿产业政策分析其供需安全以及未来发展趋势。从结果来看,美国铍矿产业供需格局受国际形势以及本国经济政策的影响较大,且未来供需缺口可能存在扩大的趋势;从长期来看,美国铍矿产业贸易格局变动明显,未来贸易模式仍可能以进口为主导,贸易伙伴国以及贸易价格仍存在不确定性;此外,美国铍矿产业出口管制政策、控制境外供给政策以及铍矿产品进出口价格政策均围绕本国政治与经济安全展开,颇具本国特色。最后,本文从探矿路径、科技创新以及“一带一路”三个方面提出美国铍矿产业发展及其产业政策对我国的启示,并提出了相关建议,以期为我国铍矿产业发展提供参考。

Beryllium is a rare strategic mineral resource in the world,and its development is of great importance to the world economy.The United States is not only a large country of beryllium resources,but also the country with the longest history of beryllium resources utilization in the world.Its beryllium industry supply and demand security have a significant impact on the future development of beryllium industry in the world.This paper analyzes the supply and demand pattern and trade situation of beryllium industry in the United States from the perspective of industrial chain and international trade.On this basis,combined with the United States beryllium industry policy to analyze its supply and demand security and future development trends.The results show that the supply and demand pattern of beryllium industry in the United States is greatly affected by the international situation and the economic policies of the United States,and the gap between supply and demand may widen in the future.In the long run,the trade pattern of beryllium industry in the United States have changed obviously.In the future,the trade pattern may still be dominated by import,and the trading partners and trade prices are uncertain.In addition,the export control policy of beryllium industry,the foreign supply control policy and the import and export price policy of beryllium products of the United States all revolve around the national political and economic security,which has its own characteristics.Finally,the paper proposes the enlightenment of beryllium industry development and industrial policy in the United States to China from three aspects:prospecting path,scientific and technological innovation and the use of“the Belt and Road”initiative,and puts forward relevant suggestions.