城市收缩背景下的资源型城市发展与效率评价:以鞍山市为例

Development and efficiency evaluation of resource-based cities under the background of urban shrinkage:a case study of Anshan City

城市收缩是城市化发展到一定阶段的产物,特别是资源型城市,随着资源的枯竭、产业结构的调整,在一定时间内会出现城市人口减少、经济水平下降等城市收缩现象。鞍山市作为东北地区典型的资源型工业城市,在资源开发和钢铁工业的带动下,城市经济得到了较快发展,但是近年来也出现了明显的收缩问题。本文以鞍山市为研究区域,在城市收缩背景下,从社会、经济和空间三个维度构建城市综合发展指数评价体系,测度2009—2020年间的城市综合发展水平;利用超效率DEA模型对鞍山市经济、资源和环境效率进行分析评价。研究结果表明:①2013年以来鞍山市城市发展进入收缩状态,2013—2016年收缩比较明显,2016年以后趋于平稳;②2013年鞍山市经济效率达到峰值后开始下降,而资源效率和环境效率总体呈波动上升趋势;③城市发展与经济效率具有正相关性,与资源效率和环境效率不具有相关性;④从外延式发展向内涵集约式发展方向的转变是资源型城市发展路径的必然选择。

Urban shrinkage is an inevitable phenomenon in a certain stage of urbanization,especially in resource-based cities.With the depletion of resources and the adjustment of industrial structure,urban population and economic level will decrease in a certain period of time.As a typical resource-based industrial city in northeast China,Anshan City has experienced obvious shrinkage in urban development in recent years.The authors take Anshan City as the research area,under the background of urban shrinkage,and construct an evaluation system of urban comprehensive development index from three dimensions of society,economy and space to measure the urban development index from 2009 to 2020.The urban development indexes are analyzed and evaluated by using super-efficiency DEA model.The results show that since 2013,the urban development of Anshan City has entered a state of contraction,which is obvious from 2013 to 2016 and tends to be stable after 2016.In 2013,the economic efficiency of Anshan City begins to decline after reaching the peak,while the resource efficiency and environmental efficiency shows a general trend of fluctuation.Urban development is positively correlated with economic efficiency,but not with resource efficiency and environmental efficiency.It is an inevitable choice for resource-based cities to change from epitaxial development to intensional intensive development.