马铃薯块茎顶端优势与主茎数及产量组分的相关性

Relationships Among Apical Dominance of Potato Tuber,the Number of Main Stem and Yield Components

马铃薯块茎产量性状复杂,由多个产量组分构成。为探究马铃薯块茎不同顶端优势类型、植株主茎数和产量组分的相关性,本研究对国际马铃薯中心引进的102份高代品系块茎的发芽情况进行筛选,以12个顶端优势强弱程度不同的马铃薯品系为试验材料,在马铃薯植株盛花期测定主茎数;收获期统计小区产量、小区大薯产量、小区小薯产量、单株产量、单株大薯产量、单株小薯产量、单株结薯数、单株大薯数、单株小薯数;贮藏期测定芽眼个数、发芽个数、发芽长度等,分析马铃薯块茎不同顶端优势类型与植株主茎数及产量组分的相关性。结果表明,12个马铃薯品系根据块茎的发芽情况可分为四种顶端优势类型。对发芽率和发芽长度的分析结果表明,四种顶端优势类型马铃薯品系的发芽率存在显著差异,发芽长度在第90天时差异不显著。对主茎数、小区产量、小区大薯产量、小区小薯产量、单株产量、单株大薯产量、单株小薯产量、单株结薯数、单株大薯数、单株小薯数的分析表明,四种顶端优势类型马铃薯品系的主茎数、小区产量、小区大薯产量、单株产量、单株大薯产量、单株小薯产量、单株结薯数、单株大薯数、单株小薯数差异显著,小区小薯产量差异不显著。方差分析表明,马铃薯块茎顶端优势显著影响植株主茎数及产量组分中的单株小薯产量、单株结薯数、单株大薯数、单株小薯数。相关性分析表明,主茎数与单株结薯数等产量组分无显著相关性。本试验研究了马铃薯产量组分中不同性状之间的相关性,对于结薯特性不同的品种的选育,不同结薯类型品种在生产中采用不同的栽培模式,以及提高田间管理效率和促进产量增加均具有重要意义。

Yield traits are complex agronomic traits,which are composed of multiple yield components.The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation among apical dominance,number of main stem and yield components of potato tuber,which would provide basis for potato breeding and cultivation mode selection.The potato tuber sprouting was screened in 102 advanced lines from The International Potato Center.Twelve representative potato lines with different apical dominance were used as materials in this study.The number of main stem was investigated during bloom period.The plot yield,plot yield of large tuber,plot yield of small tuber,yield of tuber per plant,yield of large tuber per plant,yield of small tuber per plant,number of tuber per plant,number of large tuber per plant and number of small tuber per plant were investigated during harvest period.The bud eye number,sprouting number and sprouting length of tubers were measured during storage period.The correlation among apical dominance,number of main stem and yield components of potato tuber were analyzed.The result showed that 12 potato lines were divided into four types based on the feature of tuber sprouting.There were significant differences in sprouting rate among four different tuber apical dominance types.There was no significant difference in sprouting length among four different tuber apical dominance types on the 90;day.The number of main stem,plot yield,plot yield of large tuber,yield of tuber per plant,yield of large tuber per plant,yield of small tuber per plant,number of tuber per plant,number of large tuber per plant and number of small tuber per plant were significantly different among four different tuber apical dominance types.However,there was no significant difference in the plot yield of small tuber.Variance analysis showed that the tuber apical dominance has significant effect on the number of main stem,yield of small tuber per plant,number of tuber per plant,number of large tuber per plant and number of small tuber per plant.Correlation analysis indicated that there was no significant correlation between number of main stem and yield components such as number of tuber per plant.Studying the correlation among potato yield components is important for breeding varieties with different tuberization characteristics,selection of cultivation modes in production,improvement of field management efficiency and yield increasing.