农药残留风险评估在蔬菜水果和食用菌监测中的应用研究

Study on the Application of a Risk Assessment Method of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables and Fruits and Edible Fungus Monitoring

为了解我国西北地区蔬菜水果和食用菌的质量安全情况及暴露风险,本试验从2018至2020年在我国甘肃省平凉市进行样品抽取,共测定2435份蔬菜水果和食用菌样品中46种农药残留的含量。通过农药残留风险评估方法分析了9类别蔬菜水果和食用菌中农药残留的分布和相关性,并对蔬菜和水果中农药残留情况进行了风险排序,以及暴露风险、预警风险和急慢性膳食风险等多种风险评价。结果表明,有34份样品不合格,样品不合格率为1.40%;在已检测的2435份样品中,有435份样品检出农药残留,检出率为17.86%,共检出28种农药残留;通过风险排序方式检出的高风险农药有久效磷、联苯菊酯、甲胺磷、克百威、氧乐果、甲维盐和溴氰菊酯7种,中风险农药有毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯、丙溴磷、氟虫腈、啶虫脒和甲氰菊酯6种,低风险农药4种,极低风险农药11种;其中毒死蜱存在中度预警风险,其他检出的27种农药残留存在低度预警风险;甲氰菊酯急性参考剂量(%ARfD)值为160.07%(>100%),急性膳食风险不可接受,其余27种检出农药残留的急性膳食风险可以接受;检出的28种农药残留慢性膳食风险每日允许摄入量(%ADI)值均低于100%,慢性膳食风险可以接受。本研究为我国西北地区蔬菜水果和食用菌中的农药残留风险监测提供了参考依据。

To understand the quality and safety situation and exposure risk of vegetables,fruits and edible fungus samples in the main production areas of northwest China(Pingliang,Gansu Province,China)were collected from 2018 to 2020,and the residues of 46 pesticides in 2435 vegetables,fruits and edible fungus samples were determined.The distribution and correlation of pesticide residues in 9 kinds of vegetables,fruits and edible fungus were analyzed by a risk assessment method.The application risk ranking,exposure risk,early warning risk and acute and chronic dietary risk assessment of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits were also carried out.The results showed that 34 samples were unqualified with the failure rate of 1.40%.Among the 2435 samples,435 samples,28 kinds of pesticide residues were detected,and the positive rate of the sample was 17.86%.By risk ranking method,there were 7 kinds of high risk pesticides,including monocrotophos,biphenthrin,methamidophos,carboweiser,oxomethoate,paramycin and deltamethrin,6 kinds of medium risk pesticides including chlorpyrofos,cypermethrin,profenophoron,fipronil,acetamiprid and fenprothrin,4 kinds of low-risk pesticides and 11 kinds of very low-risk pesticides.The ARfD value of Fenpropathrin was 160.07%(>100%),indicating its acute dietary risk was unacceptable.The acute dietary risk of the remaining 27 pesticide residues was acceptable,and the ADI values of the chronic dietary risk of the 28 pesticide residues were all below 100%,meaning the chronic dietary risk was acceptable.This study provides a reference for the risk monitoring of pesticides in vegetables,fruits and edible fungus in northwest China.