芬太尼类物质合成方法综述及重要前体梳理

Review on the Synthesis of Fentanyl and Fentanyl-related Substances and Summarization of Important Precursors

芬太尼类物质是一类以芬太尼为代表的化学结构相似的人工合成阿片类麻醉剂,其制造方式简单,原料易于获得,极易被滥用。近年来,芬太尼类物质已在全球多个国家和地区引起了不同程度的"第三代毒品"危机。我国自2019年5月1日起对芬太尼类物质实施整类列管。但由于该类物质种类繁多、标准品匮乏,导致其检测鉴定技术开发较为滞后。本文从芬太尼类物质在化学结构上的相似性出发,总结了文献报道的芬太尼类物质合成途径、主要原料及中间产物,梳理了其中的重要前体物质,以期为芬太尼类物质监管提供技术支持。

Fentanyl and fentanyl-related substances are a series of synthetic opioid anesthetics with similar chemical structure represented by fentanyl.It is easy to manufacture,obtain raw materials and be easily abused.In recent years,fentanyl and fentanylrelated substances have triggered a"third-generation drugs"crisis in various countries and regions over the world.Since May 1,2019,China has implemented a class-wide control of fentanyl-related substances.However,due to the wide variety of fentanyl-related substances and the lack of standard materials,the development of detection and identification technology is lagging behind.Based on the structural similarity of fentanyl-related substances,this review summarized the synthetic routes,raw materials,intermediate products and key precursors previously reported,so as to provide technical support for the control of fentanyl substances.