不同时期追肥对桃果实品质的影响

Effects of fertilizers topdressing in different stages on fruit quality of peach

追肥是保证果树正常生长发育、改善果实品质的主要手段。探讨分次追肥对桃果实品质的影响,能够为合理追肥提供依据。以桃品种‘霞晖8号’和‘霞脆’为试材,在等量追施氮磷钾复合肥条件下,设置一次追肥、二次追肥、三次追肥3个处理,采收成熟期果实,测定品质指标。结果表明:不同追肥次数对2个桃品种的单果重无显著影响。二次追肥条件下,2个桃品种的去皮硬度、可溶性固形物含量均显著高于一次追肥;山梨醇和总糖含量显著升高,柠檬酸含量降幅明显,糖酸比提高。试验第1年,二次追肥处理的‘霞晖8号’果皮红色饱和度、红色饱和度与黄色饱和度比值、花色苷含量均显著高于一次追肥;试验第2年,不同处理的2个桃品种果皮的色差指标、色素含量均无显著差异。二次追肥与一次、三次追肥处理相比具有较高的果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量及较低的有机酸含量,可有效改善桃果实内在品质。在桃果实生长发育过程中,于果实膨大期和成熟前期分二次追肥有利于提高品质。

Topdressing is the main method used to ensure the normal growth and development of fruit trees and improve fruit quality.Here,the effects of split topdressing on peach fruit quality were investigated to support reasonable practices.Peach cultivars‘Xiahui 8’and‘Xiacui’were used as test materials.Using a fertilizer containing same amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,an experiment with three treatments(single,double and triple topdressing applications)was performed.Fruits were harvested during the ripening stage,and the fruit qualities were determined.The results showed that the topdressing frequency did not significantly affect the single fruit weight of the two peach cultivars.For the double topdressings treatment,firmness without skin and soluble solids content of the two peach cultivars were higher than single topdressing treatment.The sorbitol and total sugar contents of the two peach cultivars increased significantly,whereas the citric acid content decreased significantly.Additionally,the sugar to acid ratio increased.In the first trial year,the red saturation,red to yellow saturation ratio,and anthocyanin content of the peel of‘Xiahui 8’treated with double topdressings were significantly greater than those receiving a single topdressing.In the second trial year,there were no significant differences in the color difference indexes,nor the pigments contents,in peels of the two peach cultivars among treatments.Compared with single and triple topdressing applications,the double topdressing applications resulted in a greater fruit firmness,higher soluble solids and soluble sugar contents,and a lower organic acid content,which effectively improved the internal quality of the peach fruit.Fractional topdressing during the expansion and the pre-maturity stages is beneficial in improving peach fruit quality.