3种微生物菌肥对川芎生长发育、产质量和镉富集的影响

Effect of Three Microbial Fertilizers on Growth,Yield,Quality and Cadmium Accumulation of Chuanxiong Rhizoma

目的:探究3种微生物菌肥对川芎生长发育、产质量和镉(Cd)富集的影响。方法:以川芎苓种为材料,在川芎主产区(彭州、眉山)开展田间试验,采收期采收样品,测定川芎农艺性状、产量;采用2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》收载方法分析浸出物、挥发油、阿魏酸含量;采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)测定镉含量;采用差异显著性分析、相关性分析、聚类分析进行数据处理。结果:适宜浓度的3种微生物菌肥对川芎均具有促生作用。在产量和质量方面,金无踪(1.50吨/hm^(-2))(1吨=1 000 kg,下同)和翠京元(1.5 L·hm^(-2))处理后川芎增产0.92%~46.34%;翠京元(1.8 L·hm^(-2))和神锄(15,30 kg·hm^(-2))处理后川芎水溶性浸出物增加了0.06%~18.79%,其中翠京元(1.8 L·hm^(-2))增加显著(P<0.01);金无踪(0.75,1.50,2.25吨/hm^(-2)),神锄(15,45 kg·hm^(-2)),翠京元(1.2 L·hm^(-2))处理后川芎醇溶性浸出物降低了3.51%~22.94%(P<0.01);金无踪(1.50吨/hm^(-2))和神锄(30 kg·hm^(-2))处理后川芎阿魏酸质量分数降低了2.14%~30.56%;3种微生物菌肥对川芎挥发油含量影响较小。在Cd富集方面,金无踪(0.75,1.50,2.25吨/hm^(-2)),神锄(15,30,45 kg·hm^(-2))和翠京元(1.2 L·hm^(-2))处理后土壤Cd浓度增加了11.33%~76.36%(P<0.01);金无踪(0.75吨/hm^(-2))和翠京元(1.8 L·hm^(-2))处理后川芎Cd富集系数减小了2.58%~48.38%,Cd含量及Cd积累量分别降低了9.54%~25.96%,9.34%~18.88%。结论:3种微生物菌肥对川芎生长发育、物质积累及降低Cd含量有一定的积极作用,各指标受到产地和处理方法共同影响。综合各指标分析,金无踪(0.75,1.50吨/hm^(-2))能较好地适应川芎根际土壤微生态环境,其在保障川芎药材产量的前提下能有效降低Cd含量。

Objective: To explore the effects of three kinds of microbial fertilizers on the growth,yield,quality,and cadmium(Cd)accumulation of Chuanxiong Rhizoma(CX). Method: Taking CX seeds as materials,field experiments were carried out in the main producing areas,Pengzhou and Meishan. The samples were collected during the harvesting period,and the agronomic characters and yield were determined. The contents of extract, volatile oil, and ferulic acid were analyzed by the collection method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The content of Cd was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Data were processed by difference significance analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis. Result: Three kinds of microbial fertilizers with appropriate concentrations could promote the growth of CX. In terms of yield and quality,the treatment of Jinwuzong(1.50 ton/hm^(-2),1 ton=1 000 kg,the same below)and Cuijingyuan(1.5 L·hm^(-2))could increase the yield of medicinal materials by 0.92%-46.34%,while Cuijingyuan(1.8 L·hm^(-2))and Shenchu(15,30 kg·hm^(-2))could increase the water-soluble extract of CX by 0.06%-18.79%,of which Cuijingyuan(1.8 L·hm^(-2))was significantly increased(P<0.01). The alcoholsoluble extract of CX treated with Jinwuzong(0.75,1.50,2.25 ton/hm^(-2)),Shenchu(15,45 kg·hm^(-2)),and Cuijingyuan(1.2 L·hm^(-2))decreased significantly by 3.51%-22.94%(P<0.01). The content of ferulic acid in CX treated with Jinwuzong(1.50 ton/hm^(-2))and Shenchu(30 kg·hm^(-2))decreased by 2.14%-30.56%. Three kinds of microbial fertilizers had little effect on the content of volatile oil in CX. In the aspect of Cd enrichment,the concentration of Cd in rhizosphere soil of CX was increased by 11.33%-76.36%(P<0.01)after the treatment of Jinwuzong(0.75, 1.50, 2.25 ton/hm^(-2)),Shenchu(15,30,45 kg·hm^(-2))and Cuijingyuan(1.2 L·hm^(-2)).However,the Cd enrichment coefficient of CX reduced by 2.58%-48.38%,the Cd content and Cd accumulation of CX decreased respectively by 9.54%-25.96% and 9.34%-18.88% via Jinwuzong(0.75 ton/hm^(-2)) and Cuijingyuan(1.8 L·hm^(-2)). Conclusion:Three kinds of microbial fertilizers have a certain positive effect on the growth,substance accumulation,and reduction of Cd content in medicinal parts of CX,and the changes of each index are affected by the producing area and treatment method. Based on the comprehensive analysis of various indicators, Jinwuzong(0.75, 1.50 ton/hm^(-2)) can better adapt to the rhizosphere soil micro-ecological environment of CX,it can effectively reduce the content of Cd on the premise of guaranteeing the yield and quality of CX.