学术创业纳入高校教师晋升评价体系的探索——以美国六所一流大学为例

The Exploration of Incorporating Academic Entrepreneurship into the Faculty Promotion:Take the Six Top Universities in the United States as Examples

晋升评价政策是影响教师参与学术创业的关键因素之一,但关于学术创业是否应纳入高校教师晋升评价体系仍然存在争论。通过对美国6所已将学术创业作为教师晋升评价考量因素的大学分析发现,推进这项评价改革采取的主要做法包括:使用更具包容性的语言,将晋升评价标准与大学使命相关联;列出学术创业具体指标,"扩大"而非"取代/稀释"原有标准;利用同行评审和第三方衡量学术创业的社会效益;赋予学术创业较低权重,仍将学术追求放在首位。从其产生的影响来看,将学术创业融入原有的评价标准后,改变了学术文化,激发了教师学术创业的动力,且未对大学的传统使命产生负面影响。

Faculty promotion is one of the key factors influencing teachers’participation in academic entrepreneurship.However,there has long been a debate about whether university should add commercialization activity to faculty promotion and tenure criteria.By selecting 6 first-class American universities which promotion and tenure polices shifting to support commercialization activity,the study find that these universities adopt a series of strategies including using inclusive language that link university’s mission to promotion and tenure criteria,listing explicit description of academic entrepreneurship,relying on peer review and community organization to evaluate the social benefit of academic entrepreneurship,giving lower weight for commercialization activity and scholarly pursuits must be the first.After considering of academic entrepreneurship in university tenure and promotion,the academic culture has changed,academic entrepreneurship motivation has been stimulated,and university’s traditional mission has not been broken.