美国特殊儿童早期教育质量提升困境与突围——基于“高质量早期干预与学前特殊教育系统框架”的分析

The Dilemmas and Breakthroughs of Improving Quality of Early Childhood Special Education:An Analysis Based on"A State System Framework for High-quality Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education"

虽然美国联邦与各州政府高度重视特殊儿童早期教育,但仍面临各州发展水平差距较大、循证实践应用效果不佳、公众信任度与满意度不高等困境。为探寻早期特殊教育质量提升的突围路径,"高质量早期干预与学前特殊教育系统框架"构筑起规制管理、财政投入、专业人员、数据系统、问责与质量改进、质量标准六大领域整合的评估与改进机制,以系统化的指标评价体系破解调控难题、结构化的实践指导方针改进干预实践以及科学化的自评估与元评价机制赢得公众信任。它将整体性评估作为改进循证实践、优化早期特殊教育质量的价值判断,具有政策保障引领、创新评估理念、形成教育合力等发展特殊儿童早期教育的宝贵经验。

The federal and states government have been attaching importance to the quality of early childhood special education in America,but there have been still much dilemmas,including huge development gaps between states,poor implementation of evidence-based practice,and relatively low public satisfaction.In order to explore ways to deal with these dilemmas,"A State System Framework for High-quality Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education"identifies six critical components of a state assessment system:governance,finance,personnel/workforce,data system,accountability and quality improvement,and quality standards.It aims to solve the governing problem by systematic indicators,to foster practice implementation by structural guidelines and to obtain public trust by self-assessment and meta-evaluation.There have been much implications for future development of early intervention and early childhood special education,including providing more policy supports,renovating evaluation ideas and making connected efforts between multiple groups.