中药精油治疗痛经的研究进展

Research Progress on Dysemenorrhea of Essential Oils of Traditional Chinese Medicine:A Review

痛经为临床常见的妇科疾病,有原发性痛经和继发性痛经之说,其中原发性痛经通常不伴随着生殖器发生器质性病变,主要与月经时子宫内膜前列腺素的含量增高有关。而继发性痛经则伴随着生殖器发生器质性病变,常与生殖器官局部病变有关,也与患者的精神因素和神经内分泌因素相关。痛经患病的概率高达73.8%,且目前没有将其根治的方法,对患者的生活、工作以及学习造成了极大的影响。中药精油广泛存在于芳香中药中,具有抗菌、抗氧化和抗癌等众多药理活性。其能够通过调节体内前列腺素、催产素等激素水平及调节患者情志等机制起到调节神经内分泌功能、抗炎镇痛、改善心情等作用,进而在一定程度上缓解痛经。近年中药精油在缓解痛经这一方面也有诸多学者做出了较为深入的研究,但缺乏对此类研究的综合整理。对此,笔者通过查阅近年中外文相关文献,对痛经的产生和分类、中药精油缓解痛经的作用机制以及中药精油在痛经领域的应用做出了较为系统的整理,以期为痛经的治疗提供参考。

Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecological disease in clinic,with primary dysmenorrhea and secondary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is usually not accompanied by organic lesions in genital organs,which is mainly related to the increase of prostaglandin content in endometrium during menstruation. Secondary dysmenorrhea is accompanied by organic lesions of reproductive organs,often associated with local lesions of reproductive organs, but also with patients’ mental factors and neuroendocrine factors. The incidence of dysmenorrhea is as high as 73.8%,and there is no radical cure method,which has a great impact on the life,work and learning of patients. Chinese medicine essential oil widely exists in aromatic Chinese medicine,with antibacterial,antioxidant and anticancer activities. It can regulate neuroendocrine function,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, and improve mood by regulating the levels of prostaglandins, oxytocin and other hormones in the body and regulating the emotions of patients,there by alleviating dysmenorrhea to a certain extent. In recent years,many scholars have made more in-depth research on Chinese medicine essential oil in alleviating dysmenorrhea,but there is a lack of comprehensive collation of such studies. In this regard,the author has systematically sorted out the generation and classification of dysmenorrhea,the mechanism of action of essential oil of traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate dysmenorrhea and the application of essential oil of traditional Chinese medicine in the field of dysmenorrhea by consulting relevant literature in Chinese and foreign languages in recent years,so as to provide reference for the treatment of dysmenorrhea.