三台麦冬块根毒理学评价与抗营养因子分析

Toxicological Evaluation and Anti-nutritional Factors of Ophiopogonis Radix in Santai Area

目的:对三台麦冬块根作为食用来源进行毒理学评价和抗营养因子研究。方法:对三台麦冬块根进行急性经口毒性实验、遗传毒性实验(细菌回复突变实验、哺乳动物红细胞微核实验、小鼠精原细胞畸变实验)、致畸实验和90 d经口毒性实验。同时检测三台麦冬块根中胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性及凝集素、植酸、非淀粉多糖和多酚类化合物含量。结果:大鼠急性经口毒性实验结果显示,出现中毒症状动物数为0只,死亡0只,三台麦冬块根急性经口毒性属实际无毒级。3项遗传毒性实验结果均为阴性。致畸实验结果表明,三台麦冬块根在1.25~5.00 g·kg^(-1)剂量对大鼠胎鼠未发现致畸作用。90 d经口毒性实验发现,大鼠在实验期间的生长发育良好,三台麦冬块根各剂量组大鼠体质量、血液学指标、血液生化学指标、脏器湿质量、脏器质量/体质量与溶剂对照组比较差异均无统计学意义。抗营养因子分析结果表明,三台麦冬块根中胰蛋白酶抑制剂对胰蛋白酶的平均抑制率为35.19%,凝集素的平均质量分数为2.74 mg·g^(-1),植酸的平均质量分数为0.12 mg·g^(-1),多糖的平均质量分数为0.12 g·g^(-1),槲皮素的平均质量分数为0.044 g·g^(-1),没食子酸的平均质量分数为5.10 mg·g^(-1),阿魏酸的平均质量分数为4.88 mg·g^(-1)。结论:三台麦冬块根在推荐剂量下食用安全,无健康风险,开发前景广阔,为麦冬块根的食用提供重要参考。

Objective:To evaluate the toxicity and analyze the anti-nutritional factors of Ophiopogonis Radix as food in Santai.Methods:The toxicity of Ophiopogonis Radix was examined by acute oral toxicity test,genotoxicity tests(bacterial reverse mutation test,mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test,mouse spermatogonial chromosomal aberration test),teratogenicity test,and 90-day oral toxicity test.At the same time,the activity of trypsin inhibitor and the contents of lectin,phytic acid,non-starch polysaccharide and polyphenols in Radix Ophiopogonis Santai were detected.Results:In rat acute oral toxicity test,no toxic symptoms or death occurred and thus Ophiopogonis Radix showed no toxicity.The three genotoxicity tests showed negative results.In the teratogenicity test,Ophiopogonis Radix at 1.25-5.00 g·kg^(-1) had no teratogenic effect on fetal rats.In the 90-day oral toxicity test,rats grew well,and the body weight,food intake,food utilization,hematological indexes,blood biochemical indexes,wet weight of organs,organ weight-body weight ratios were insignificantly different between different Ophiopogonis Radix groups and the solvent control group.As for the antinutritional factors,the mean inhibitory rate of trypsin inhibitor was 35.19%,the mean content of lectin,phytic acid,polysaccharides,quercetin,gallic acid,and ferulic acid was 2.74 mg·g^(-1),0.12 mg·g^(-1),0.12 g·g^(-1),0.044 g·g^(-1),5.10 mg·g^(-1),and 4.88 mg·g^(-1),respectively.Conclusion:Ophiopogonis Radix at the recommended dosage is safe,which can be further developed.The result is of great significance to the edible development of Ophiopogonis Radix.