林业标准化与林业产业生态安全效率实证分析

Empirical Analysis of Forestry Standardization and Ecological Safety Efficiency of Forestry Industry

利用数据包络分析法(DEA)测算了中国31个省(市、区)2006—2015年的林业产业生态安全效率,并实证检验了林业标准化对林业产业生态安全效率的影响。研究发现:中国林业产业生态安全的综合技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率总体呈现出由西向东逐渐上升的趋势;总体上,东部地区各省(市、区)的林业产业与生态之间的共生关系较中西部地区更加协调;林业标准化水平有助于促进林业产业生态安全综合技术效率和纯技术效率的提高;经济发展水平、科研投入水平、造林面积、森林灾害防治率等因素对林业产业生态安全效率有显著的正向影响。为了提升林业标准化生态效益,提高林业产业生态安全效率,应该深入推进林业标准化政策实施,努力提高林业产业技术创新水平,不断增强林业生态保护力度。

⑴Background——The high-quality development of forestry industry and the safety and stability of forestry ecosystem are directly related to the overall situation of whether China's carbon peak and carbon neutralization goal can be achieved as scheduled.Therefore,scientific evaluation of the forestry industry's ecological safety efficiency is of great significance.⑵Methods——Based on the sample data of input-output indicators,explanatory variables and control variables of forestry industry ecological safety efficiency in 31 provinces(cities,districts)of China from 2006 to 2015,the data envelopment analysis method is used to measure the ecological safety efficiency of forestry industry in 31 provinces(cities,districts),and the Tobit model is applied to analyze the impact of forestry standardization on the ecological safety efficiency of forestry industry.⑶Results——First,the comprehensive technical efficiency value of the forestry industry's ecological safety in the eastern,central and western regions shows a downward trend.The economic level of the eastern region is more developed,the forestry policy,technical level,and human resources are relatively advantageous,and the level of standardized development of the forestry industry is higher.Therefore,the symbiotic relationship between the development of forestry industry and ecological protection is more coordinated,and the comprehensive technical efficiency of forestry industry ecology is relatively higher.Second,technological innovation has a promoting effect on the ecological security of the forestry industry.At the current technical level in most provinces,the forestry industry's resource input has played a positive role in promoting the ecological security of forestry industry.Third,scale benefits have a positive impact on the ecological safety efficiency of the forestry industry.The large-scale development of the forestry industry can concentrate advanced production technology and forestry resources,and promote the high-quality development of the forestry industry.Fourth,the continuous implementation of forestry standardization policies will help improve the pure technical efficiency and comprehensive technical efficiency of the forestry industry's ecological safety.However,the forestry standardization policies have little effect on the scale benefits of the forestry industry.Fifth,variables such as economic development level,scientific research input level,afforestation area and so on have a significant positive impact on the ecological safety efficiency of forestry industry.The level of urbanization and industrial structure have a significant negative impact on the ecological safety efficiency of forestry industry.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——The ecological security efficiency of forestry industry depends on the improvement of technological progress and scale efficiency.Forestry standardization has a significant impact on the comprehensive technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency of the forestry industry's ecological safety,but has no significant impact on the scale efficiency of the forestry industry's ecological safety.Economic development level,scientific research investment level,afforestation area,forest disaster prevention rate,etc.are important factors to improve the ecological safety efficiency of forestry industry.Some suggestions can be put forward:①Forestry standardization policies are expected to be implemented deeply,and ecological benefits of the forestry industry should be given development space.②The level of forestry technology innovation is supposed to be improved and high-quality development of the forestry industry can be promoted.③The protection of forestry ecology is required to be strengthened and the coordinated symbiosis of ecology and industry must be promoted.