综合性大学学生阈下抑郁现状及影响因素研究

A study on the status quo and influencing factors of subthreshold depression of students in comprehensive universities

目的了解综合性大学学生阈下抑郁现状及其影响因素, 为促进大学生心理健康, 有效控制抑郁症的发生提供研究依据。方法于2020年10月至2021年1月采用方便抽样和滚雪球抽样相结合的方法, 选取全国45所综合性大学的450名本科生作为研究对象, 应用一般资料调查表、阈下抑郁量表(STDS)进行问卷调查。结果被调查的大学生阈下抑郁得分(83.28 ± 24.81)分, 阈下抑郁的发生率为40.8%(164/450)。不同性别、年级、生活满意度、家庭经济情况、恋爱类型、阈下抑郁了解程度、产生抑郁的时间、接受抑郁相关心理咨询状况、产生抑郁情绪之后行为, 阈下抑郁发生率的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值为5.68~19.48, 均P<0.05)。结论被调查的综合性大学本科生阈下抑郁发生率较高, 从未谈过恋爱是阈下抑郁的保护因素;大学一年级学生、自认为没有产生过抑郁情绪及对阈下抑郁不太了解是阈下抑郁发生的危险因素。应重视大学生阈下抑郁的现状, 及早发现和早期干预, 防止向抑郁症发展, 以有利于提高大学生的心理健康水平。

Objective To understand the status quo of subthreshold depression and its influencing factors among students in comprehensive universities,and then provide a research basis for promoting their mental health and effectively controlling the occurrence of depression.Methods From October 2020 to January 2021,450 undergraduates from 45 comprehensive universities in China were selected as research objects by convenient sampling and snowball sampling,and were investigated by a general information questionnaire and Self-Subthreshold Depression Scale(STDS).Results The subthreshold depression score of the investigated college students was(83.28±24.81),and the incidence of subthreshold depression was 40.8%(164/450).There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of subthreshold depression among different genders,grades,life satisfaction,family economic status,love status,understanding degree of subthreshold depression,time of depression,psychological counseling related to depression,and behavior after depression(χ^(2) values were 5.68-19.48,all P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of subthreshold depression among the investigated undergraduates is high,and never falling in love is the protective factor of subthreshold depression.The risk factors of subthreshold depression are freshmen,who think they have never had depression and don′t know much about subthreshold depression.Attention should be paid to the present situation of college students'subthreshold depression,early detection and intervention should be made to prevent the development of depression,so as to improve the mental health level of college students.