突发性公共事件应对中我国工伤保险的立法实践与决策选择

Legislative Practice and Policy Options of Industrial Injury Insurance during Public Emergencies

突发性公共事件会造成严重的劳动者伤亡,既包括突发性公共事件直接导致的劳动者伤亡,又包括发生在突发性公共事件救援和处置中的劳动者伤亡。我国工伤保险在突发性公共事件应对中发挥了一定的作用,积累了一定的经验,但也存在突出的问题,包括法制建设不完善和基金储备不足导致的制度随意性强、抗风险能力弱,制度碎片化和工伤认定机械化导致的群体不公和劳动者工伤保障权益受损。面对产业结构和职业结构的调整、就业形式的变化以及由此带来的职业风险的变化,应加强工伤保险的法律法规建设,完善工伤保险储备金制度,打破工伤保险劳动关系限制,改变机械列举工伤认定范围的方式。

Public emergencies often lead serious casualties of workers,including the casualties directly caused by public emergencies and the casualties in the rescue and disposal of public emergencies.China’s industrial injury insurance has played a role during the response of public emergencies and has accumulated certain experience,but there are some prominent problems,including imperfect legal construction and the lack of fund reserves resulting in strong randomness and weak anti risk ability of the system,institutional fragmentation and mechanization of industrial injury identification resulting in group injustice and damage of workers'rights and interests in industrial injury security.In the face of the adjustment of industrial structure and occupational structure,and the change of employment form and occupational risk,it is necessary to strengthen the laws and regulations construction,optimize the reserve fund system of industrial injury insurance,break the limitation of labor relationship of industrial injury insurance,and change the way of listing the identification scope of industrial injury mechanically.