日本非营利组织参与社区养老服务的经验与启示——基于东京都“白十字居家志愿者之会”的个案分析

Experience of NPO Participation in Elderly Care Services in Japan and Its Enlightenment to China——A Case Study of"Hakujuji Volunteer Association"

日本自1998年12月实施的《特定非营利活动促进法》,不仅赋予了非营利组织法人资格,还明确将其定位为社会保障制度设计中福利供给的重要力量。此后,在介护保险制度的配套实施下,日本非营利组织积极开展老年护理服务,极大地弥补了公共福利供给和商业福利供给的不足。本文梳理了日本政府促进非营利组织参与社区养老的法律制度,在此基础上,以日本非营利组织“白十字居家志愿者之会”为对象开展个案研究。该非营利组织参与社区养老服务的经验为我国提供了以下启示:激发民间活力,促进非营利组织与政府的合作;充分发挥非营利组织的主体作用,加快推进社区养老志愿服务的发展;积极开展“互助式”养老,实现“老有所为”与“老有所养”相结合。

The implementation of the Act on Promotion of Specified Non-profit Activities in Japan since December 1998 granted legal personality to NPOs and clearly positioned them as an important force of welfare supply in the design of social security system.Since then,with the implementation of the long-term care insurance system,NPOs in Japan have been actively carrying out community care for the elderly,which markedly greatly made up for the shortage of public and commercial welfare supply.This paper summarizes the legal system of the Japanese government to promote NPOs to participate in community elderly care services,and on this basis,takes a non-profit organization"Hakujuji Volunteer Association"which participates in community elderly care services in Japan as the object.The elderly care service experience of this organization provides the following enlightenment for the development of community elderly care in China:stimulate the private sector and promote the cooperation between NPOs and the government;give full play to the main role of NPOs,and accelerate the development of community volunteer service for the elderly care service;carry out"mutual assistance"old-age care and realize the combination of elderly sense of security and of worthiness.