“自我”与“他者”:儒家关系伦理的多重图像

“The Self”and“The Other”:Multiple Images of Confucianist Relational Ethics

将儒家伦理化约为差序格局,认为儒家伦理不能适应陌生人社会,这种判断只是关注了儒家的血缘亲情伦理和礼的差别性待遇,而没有认识到儒家伦理的多重维度。事实上,儒家在人与人之间、在自我与他者之间还建立了普遍性的关系伦理、交往价值理性和相与之道,这种伦理不仅对中国古代社会中人与人之间的交往有效,而且对中国现代陌生社会和陌生人处理自我与他者的关系也是有效的。通过儒家关系伦理和相与之道的多重图像就可以证明这一点。

The judgment that Confucianist ethics could not be adapted to a stranger society if it was reduced to a pattern of differential order,only paid attention to the Confucianist kinship ethics and the differential treatment of rites,but failed to realize the multiple dimensions of Confucianist ethics.In fact,Confucianists also established the universal relational ethics,the communication value rationality and the way of interaction among the people,and between the self and the other.This relational ethics was not only effective for the communication among the people in ancient Chinese society,but is also effective for the modern Chinese stranger society and for the strangers to deal with the relationship between the self and the other.In this study,we start from the texts and stories in the two contexts about Confucius,with the help of the Analects which was a collection of speeches by Confucius and his disciples,also with the help of other early Confucianist documents,and with the combination of the theories of Mencius and Xuncius.Besides,we focus on how the self and the other should deal with each other,on how a wise person recognizes the way the self and the other knows each other,and on how a benevolent person recognizes the way one loves oneself and others,and is loved.In this way,it can be proved that Confucianism also has a stronger universal relational ethics between man and man,with its own way of interaction among the people,and that its ethical images are multiple.