试论《资本论》哲学研究的中国特色

On the Chinese Characteristics of the Philosophical Study on Das Kapital

就其主题、方法、内容、观点、成果等而言,中国《资本论》哲学研究已经具有了自身的鲜明特色。中国特色《资本论》哲学研究包括基本立场、研究对象、主要方法、理论意旨等要素。其中,中国特色这一基本立场的形成,依附于中国道路的实践经验,表现在比较研究与学术对话中。相应地,中国特色《资本论》哲学的研究对象不能只限于《资本论》的笔记、手稿、定稿、书信,更应囊括中国道路之于《资本论》思想精髓的检验与发展。实现文本思想与中国道路的有机结合,离不开现实问题的导向作用以及由此形成的方法论依据,例如,研究逻辑与叙述结构的变迁,观照与把握社会和历史的方法,当今现实问题的破解之道,《资本论》当代价值之重估等。不仅如此,中国特色《资本论》哲学研究还应置于世界历史发展中并产生意义,方可具备完整的形态。

With the continuous efforts of the theorists for more than a hundred years,the philosophical study of Das Kapital in China has got the tendency to make rapid development like setting the prairie ablaze.In many respects such as themes,methodologies,contents,viewpoints and achievements,the philosophical study of Das Kapital in China has got its own outstanding characteristics.As a professional research field,the philosophical study of Das Kapital with Chinese characteristics includes basic standpoint,research object,main methodology,theoretical purpose,and other elements.The formation of Chinese characteristics as its basic standpoint depends on the practical experience of China’s Road.It is not only reflected in some comparative studies and intellectual dialogues,but also based on the economic,political,cultural,social and eco-civilizational development in China.Otherwise,the philosophical study of Das Kapital with Chinese characteristics would become a closed and rigid system.In terms of the common characteristics of openness and development,China’s Road is internally consistent with the thought of Das Kapital.Accordingly,the research objects of the philosophical study of Das Kapital with Chinese characteristics should not be limited to the notes,manuscripts,final drafts and letters in connection with Das Kapital,but also include the test and development of China’s Road to the ideological essences of Das Kapital.The organic combination of text thought and China’s Road depends on the guiding role of the problems of reality and the resulting methodological basis,such as the changes of internal logic and narrative structure,the methods of observing and grasping society and history,the ways to solve the present-day problems of reality,and the contemporary value revaluation of Das Kapital.“Reality”here is a concept used in the philosophical sense.In short,it refers to the synthesis of facts and essences.Moreover,only when the philosophical study of Das Kapital with Chinese characteristics is placed in the development of world history and becomes significant,it can come into complete shape.No matter whether it related to the theory of world history in Das Kapital,the way of participating in the process of modern world history,or the practice experience and theoretical achievements of China’s Road,the content should be integrated with the philosophical study of Das Kapital with Chinese characteristics for the purpose of realizing its ideological intention.In recent years,Chinese scholars have made systematic and profound explanations on the theory of world history in Das Kapital.In terms of text context,basic orientation,main content and practical significance,many fruitful viewpoints have been generated.The philosophical study of Das Kapital with Chinese characteristics should fully draw from these theoretical achievements.