2009~2020年拜城县土地利用与“三生空间”时空变化研究

Study on Spatial and Temporal Changes of Land Use and Production-living-ecological Space in Baicheng County from 2009 to 2020

利用拜城县2009、2016和2020年3期土地利用数据,基于土地利用与“三生(生产—生活—生态)空间”视角,通过单一土地利用动态度(K)、土地利用程度(LUE)、土地利用转移矩阵(LCC)、景观格局指数系统测度了2009~2020年拜城县土地利用与“三生空间”的时空演变特征,并结合社会经济数据进一步分析其原因。研究发现:(1)2009~2020年间,拜城县土地利用结构明显改变,建设用地和耕地面积不断增加,生态用地面积先期被不断挤压,后期明显好转,各类土地的面积和利用率整体呈现上升趋势,仅有未利用地的面积与利用率有所下降;(2)从景观格局指数来看,未利用地与草地占据主导,景观内部连通性逐渐加强,景观类型变得愈加复杂,景观分散性逐渐加强;(3)生产空间和生活空间的不断扩张侵占了生态空间,“三生空间”结构趋向不稳定状态;(4)政策、经济发展和人口增长因素是影响区域内土地利用及“三生空间”格局变化的主要影响因素。优化布局各类土地利用类型、控制生活空间和生产空间的有序扩张、提高生态空间的稳定性和抗干扰性、促进地区土地资源的合理配置对拜城县的可持续发展与生态文明建设具有重要意义。

The land use data of Baicheng County in 2009,2016 and 2020 were used,and the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of land use and production-living-ecological space in Baicheng County from 2009 to 2020 were systematically measured by single land use dynamic attitude(K),land use degree(LUE),land use transfer matrix(LCC)and landscape pattern index based on the spatial perspective of land use and production-living-ecological space.The results show that:(1)During 2009~2020,the land use structure of Baicheng County changed obviously.The area of construction land and cultivated land increased continuously.The area of ecological land was squeezed continuously in the early stage and improved obviously in the later stage,and the area and utilization rate of all kinds of land showed an overall upward trend,but only the area and utilization rate of unused land decreased.(2)From the landscape pattern index,the unused land and grassland are dominant.The internal connectivity of the landscape is gradually strengthened.The landscape types are becoming more complex,and the landscape dispersion is gradually strengthened.(3)The continuous expansion of production space and living space encroaches on ecological space,and the spatial structure of production-life-ecology space tends to be unstable.(4)Policy,economic development and population growth are the main factors affecting the change of land use and spatial pattern of tertiary industry in the region.Optimizing the layout of various land use types,controlling the orderly expansion of living space and production space,improving the stability and anti-interference of ecological space and promoting the rational allocation of regional land resources are of great significance for the sustainable development and ecological civilization construction of Baicheng County.