发酵桂闽引象草替代部分日粮对鸡肠道菌群的影响

Effects of fermented Pennisetum purpureum schum cv. Guiminyin replacing part of diet on intestinal microflora of chickens

为探讨发酵桂闽引象草替代部分日粮对鸡肠道菌群的影响,试验选定30日龄的东兰乌鸡4羽,随机分成4组,每组1羽。使用发酵桂闽引象草分别替代5%(1组)、10%(2组)、15%(3组)及0%(K组)的日粮;以1、2、3组为试验组,K组为对照组,进行饲养试验。采集鸡大肠内容物,对其细菌16S r DNA扩增子V3~V4区进行二代高通量测序,分析菌群的物种组成及相对丰度差异。结果表明:Chao1指数,2组(813.500)>3组(782.892)>1组(765.444)>K组(751.243);Shannon指数,K组(7.386)>2组(7.327)>3组(7.098)>1组(6.968)。从chao1指数来看,物种丰富度最高的是2组,最低的是K组;三个试验组的物种丰富度均高于对照组。从Shannon指数来看,对照组的菌群多样性高于试验组;三个试验组的菌群多样性以2组最高,以1组最低。拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门在1、2、3、K组的相对丰度分别为43.59%、55.33%、56.84%、56.01%和49.89%、40.32%、38.79%、39.95%,在各组中占比分别为93.48%、95.65%、95.63%、95.96%,是四组中的优势门,试验组和对照组中的相对丰度差异不明显。变形菌门在1、2、3组中的相对丰度(4.08%、1.41%、2.05%)高于对照组(0.97%),分别为对照组的4.2、1.45、2.11倍。互养菌门在1、2、3组中的相对丰度(0.72%、0.9%、0.49%)高于对照组(0.32%),分别为对照组的2.25、2.81、1.53倍。相对丰度前10位的属隶属于两个门(拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门)。多形杆状菌属在各组中的相对丰度分别为28.4%、29.4%、31.84%、28.23%,是四组中的优势属;其相对丰度在试验组和对照组中差异不明显。瘤胃球菌属和巨单胞菌属在1、2、3组中的相对丰度(8.03%、5.21%、3.97%和5.44%、2.05%、2.06%)高于对照组(2.44%和0.15%),分别是对照组的3.29、2.19、2.20倍和36.26、13.66、13.73倍。用发酵桂闽引象草替代部分日粮,鸡肠道菌群丰富度增高,多样性降低,对鸡肠道优势菌影响不明显,最主要的影响是变形菌门、互养菌门的数量增多及厚壁菌门中的瘤胃球菌属、巨单胞菌属的数量增多。

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented Pennisetum purpureum Schum cv.Guiminyin replacing part of diet on intestinal microflora of chickens.Four 30-day-old Donglan black-bone chickens were randomly divided into four groups with one chicken in each group.Fermented Pennisetum purpureum Schum cv.Guiminyin was used to replace 5%(group 1),10%(group 2),15%(group3)and 0%(group K)of the full price diet,respectively.Groups 1,2 and 3 were used as experimental groups,and group K was used as control group.Large intestine contents of chickens were collected,and next generation sequencing(NGS)was performed on the V3~V4 regions of bacterial 16 S r DNA amplicon,and the species composition and relative abundance relative abundance(RA)differences of the microflora were analyzed.The results are as follows:Chao1 index,group 2(813.500)>group 3(782.892)>group 1(765.444)>group K(751.243).Shannon index,group K(7.386)>group 2(7.327)>group 3(7.098)>group 1(6.968).Chao1 index showed that the species richness of group 2 was the highest,and that of group1 was the lowest.Species richness in the three experimental groups was higher than that in the control group.Shannon index showed that the species diversity of control group was higher than that of experimental group.The species diversity of the three experimental groups was the highest in the group 2 and the lowest in the group 1.The relative abundance(RA)of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in groups 1,2,3 and K were 43.59%,55.33%,56.84%,56.01%and 49.89%,40.32%,38.79%,39.95%,respectively,which were the dominant phylum in the four groups.The sum of their relative abundance(RA)in each group was 93.48%,95.65%,95.63%and 95.96%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the RA of dominant phylum between the experimental groups and the control group.The RA of Proteobacteria in groups 1,2 and 3(4.08%,1.41%and 2.05%)was higher than that in control group(0.97%),which was 4.2,1.45 and 2.11 times of that in control group,respectively.The RA of Synergistetes in groups 1,2 and 3(0.72%,0.9%and 0.49%)was higher than that in control group(0.32%),which was 2.25,2.81 and 1.53 times of that in control group,respectively.The top 10 genus in RA belong to two phylum(Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes).The RA of Bacteroides in groups 1,2,3 and K were 28.4%,29.4%,31.84%and 28.23%,respectively,which was the dominant genus in the four groups.There was no significant difference in the RA between the experimental group and the control group.The RAs of Ruminococcus_torques_group and Megamonas in groups 1,2 and 3(8.03%,5.21%,3.97%and 5.44%,2.05%,2.06%)were higher than those in the control group(2.44%and0.15%).Their RAs were 3.29,2.19,2.20 and 36.26,13.66,13.73 times of those in the control group,respectively.Fermented Pennisetum purpureum Schum cv.Guiminyin used to replace part of the diet,the richness of intestinal microflora of chickens increased,but the diversity of intestinal microflora of chickens decreased.The most important effects were the increase in the number of Proteobacteria and Synergistetes,and the increase in the number of Ruminococcus_torques_group and Megamonas in Firmicutes.