东魏北齐造像碑研究

The Study about the Buddhist Steles of the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi Dynasties

本文以考古发现及馆藏的纪年东魏—北齐造像碑为对象,根据表现形式将其分为扁体造像碑和方柱造像碑两大类,再根据碑像类型等进行类型分析,将造像碑分为东魏初—北齐初,东魏末—北齐末两期,并归纳其时代特征。通过造像碑的纪年及分布区域分析,发现造像碑集中出现于豫北、豫西地区,东魏时期有少量出现于晋西南和鲁中。到了北齐时期,向晋中南、鲁西南、皖北扩张。从类型来看,以扁体造像碑为主,占全部的近八成。方柱造像碑主要流行于北齐时期,分析其类型、样式可知,应当为佛塔的模拟。从造像题材及发愿文来看,超过三分之二的造像碑没有明确的信仰指向,结合供养人的身份,说明当时的中下层信众更加重视供养行为本身。

The chronological Buddhist steles are the main data of our research.We divided them into two types.One is the flat stele,which is the main type,occupied nearly 80%of the total.The other is the square stele.Based on their characters and chronicles,we think there are two developing periods from the East Wei to the Northern Qi Dynasty.In the first period,the Buddhist steles were found mainly in the western and the northern Henan.In the second period,the Buddhist steles extended to the Shanxi,Shandong,Anhui.Through the inscriptions and characters on the square steles,it should be the imitation of the stupa.The patrons of Buddhist steles were mainly average civilian from the bottom and middle of the society.They did not care about the Buddhist doctrines,but what they concerned was the donation to the making of the Buddhist stele itself.