国际安全视角下的网络空间“建立信任措施”态势、模式及展望

The Situation,Pattern and Prospect of “Confidence-Building Measures” in Cyberspace in the Context of International Security

2021年,联合国主导的两个网络空间国际治理机制——信息安全开放工作组(Open-Ended Working Group,OEWG)和信息安全政府专家组(Group of Governmental Experts on Information Security,UNGGE)——分别推出了最终报告,但网络空间国际规则制定工作未取得突破性进展,网络空间稳定仍任重道远。为管控网络空间冲突风险,推动构建网络空间的建立信任措施(Confidence-Building Measures,CBMs)成为当务之急。当前,网络空间CBMs发展呈现下列特点:全球共识有限且落实困难;地区组织成果突出但议题较局限;双边合作起步不错但后续发展受阻。未来,就构建网络空间CBMs提出如下建议:内容上,从透明措施、沟通措施、合作措施、限制措施及核实措施等5个方面有序推进;途径上,遵循从理解到信任,从自愿到约束的发展道路。

In 2021,the United Nations’OEWG(Open-Ended Working Group)and UNGGE(Group of Governmental Experts on Information Security)reached two final reports separately,but neither of them made any breakthroughs on norms of state behavior in cyberspace.In cyberspace,the aim of stability is still a long way to go.To prevent or mitigate conflict risks among nations in cyberspace,CBMs(Confidence-Building Measures)should be boosted in the future process of international cyberspace governance.The current situation on CBMs in cyberspace could be concluded as follows:rough consensus but no further action on global level,some concrete but limited measures on regional level and the impasse among power adversaries.In the future,five categories of CBMs in cyberspace including transparency measures,communication measures,cooperation measures,restraint measures and verification measures should be applied gradually,which means beginning with voluntary norms and ending with international laws.