“存古”与“纳新”:滇东北方言童谣呈现的语汇特征

Keeping the Old and Absorbing New Things:Lexical Features of Dialect Nursery Rhymes in Northeast Yunnan

滇东北方言童谣的大量古语词彰显了悠远古朴之风,记录着中原移民与汉语方言形成的历史脉络,此为“存古”。五四运动之后,在白话文运动和新思潮影响下涌现出大量贴近儿童天性的童谣,反映新气象新事物的新词新语在方言童谣中流传开来,是为“纳新”。作为濒临消失的民间口传文学,方言童谣保存着本真质朴的当地方言特色,是语言研究的“活化石”。鲜活语料与文献典籍相结合,旨在深度挖掘滇东北方言童谣的语汇特征。

A large number of archaic words in the dialect nursery rhymes in Northeast Yunnan show the simplicity of ancient times,and record the history of immigration and the formation of Chinese dialects.After the May 4th Movement of 1919,under the influence of the Vernacular Language Movement and the new trends of thought,a large number of nursery rhymes featuring children's nature have emerged.New words and expressions reflecting the new things are found in the dialect nursery rhymes,which is to“take in the fresh”.As a folk oral literature which is on the verge of disappearing,dialect nursery rhymes preserve the characteristics of the local dialect,which is the“living fossil”for language research.The purpose of this paper is to deeply explore the vocabulary characteristics of nursery rhymes in Northeast Yunnan dialects via corpus and classics.