重温马克思恩格斯对社会主义各种“非科学”形态的批判——基于《共产党宣言》的考察

Reflecting the Rebuttals by Karl Marx and Engels to Various“Non-Scientific”Forms of Socialism:An Investigation Based on The Communist Manifesto

科学社会主义是马克思主义理论三大组成部分之一。在1848年为"共产主义者同盟"起草的纲领性文献《共产党宣言》中,马克思和恩格斯对资本主义社会进行了分析和批判,提出"资产阶级的灭亡和无产阶级的胜利是同样不可避免的"的著名论断。不仅如此,他们还着眼于未来社会的构想,对社会主义的文献进行了清理,针对不同形态的社会主义派别——"封建的社会主义""小资产阶级的社会主义""德国的或‘真正的’社会主义"以及"保守的或资产阶级的社会主义"和"批判的空想的社会主义和共产主义"等各种理论主张进行了梳理和批判。科学社会主义既是理论又是实践。在社会主义实践过程中,在经济全球化时代,重温马克思和恩格斯对这些错误思潮的批判仍具有重要现实意义。

Scientific Socialism is one of the three portions that comprise Marxism.In The Communist Manifesto,the renowned charter drafted for the Communist League in 1848,by analyzing and criticizing the capitalist society,Marx and Engels made the famous assertion that the fall of the capitalist class and the rise of the proletarian class are both inevitable.Moreover,They constructed a blueprint of the future society and made commentaries on a wide range of works concerning socialism,rebutting socialist theories of all stripes,including“feudal socialism”,“petite-bourgeoisie socialism”,“Teutonic or‘authentic’socialism”,“conservative or capitalist socialism”and“critical utopian socialism and communism.”Different from all the above,the scientific socialism is in essence both theoretic and practical.Today,in the course of socialist progress and the background of economic globalism,it is still worth reflecting the rebuttals by Marx and Engels to these mistaken theories.