从“简单说明”到系统“灌输”:列宁“灌输论”形成分析

From“Simply Explanation”to Systematically“Indoctrination”:An Analysis of the Formation of Lenin’s“Indoctrination Theory”

"灌输论"经由列宁系统阐发后,成为马克思主义思想史上第一个体系完备的思想政治教育学说,也是马克思主义最基础的思想政治教育学说。马克思、恩格斯关于科学社会主义与工人运动相结合的思想,为后来的"灌输论"奠定了理论基础。列宁在领导俄国革命过程中,对科学社会主义理论怎样与工人运动相结合作出了进一步思考。列宁关于思想政治教育的思考经历过一次转变才最终形成今天我们所熟知的"灌输论",即强调从工人自发的经济斗争外部系统灌输社会主义意识和理论,强化无产阶级政党的组织保障作用,突出职业革命家的领导作用。这一转变,是列宁更为准确了解俄国无产阶级运动、更加深刻理解无产阶级思想政治教育规律的结果。

The“indoctrination theory”has become the first systematic and complete theory of political education in the history of Marxist thought after Lenin’s systematically explanation,and it is also the basic political education doctrine of Marxism.Marx and Engels’thoughts on the combination of scientific socialism and the workers’movement laid the theoretical foundation for the later“indoctrination theory”.In the leadership of the Russian revolutionary movement,Lenin made a further reflection on how to combine scientific socialism theory with the workers’movement.Lenin’s thoughts on political education experienced a transformation before finally forming what we know today as“indoctrination theory”.The“indoctrination theory”emphasizes indoctrinating socialist consciousness and theory systematically from the external of workers’spontaneous economic struggle,and emphasizes strengthening the organizational guarantee role of the proletarian party,and highlights the leadership role of professional revolutionaries.This transformation is the result of Lenin’s more accurately understanding of the Russian proletarian movement and a deeper understanding of the laws of the proletarian political education.