《磨光韵镜》中唇音字的读音层次问题探讨

Discussion on the Pronunciation Levels of Labial Words in Mako Inkyo

本文通过对日本释无相文雄<磨光韵镜冲“通”“江”两个摄中所载唇音字的梳理,利用文献互证等方法对作者所标识的“吴音”“汉音”及“华音”三个系统的唇音字作出讨论。经过较为详细的论证,声母方面有这样一些主要特征:1.吴音和汉音系统普遍存在清塞浊流,且这类现象同样影响到清声母的协同发音。2.汉音系统中明母字存有闽语特征。3.华音系统中並母字并未完全清化。4.合口三等唇音字仅帮、滂母出现了轻唇化现象。韵母方面:1.三、四等字已经合流,但都保留有介音。2.吴音和汉音系统中普遍存在人声尾。3.吴音体系中通摄一、三等唇音字缺少后鼻韵尾标志。这种情况亦反映了当时方言中的真实读法。

This paper is based on the collation of the labial phonetic characters in the two photographs tongshe(通摄)and jiangshe(江摄)in the book Mako Inkyo,written by Monk Muso Munou of Japan.The labial words in the three systems of Wuyin(吴音),Hanyin(汉音)and Huayin(华音)identified by the author are discussed by means of mutual documentation.After a more detailed demonstration,the initial consonants have such main characteristics:1.Stop consonants turbidness current is prevalent in Wuyin and Hanyin systems,and this phenomenon also affects the coarticulation of the devoicing initial;2.There are features of Min dialect in Hanyin system;3.The consonant Bing consonant in Huayin system does not completely change into voiceless consonant;4.Close mouth third division lip words only Bang consonant,Pang consonant appeared light labials.This situation also reflects the real pronunciation in the dialect at that time.