冰雪项目运动员机体无氧能力、体成分特征及相关研究

Study on the characteristics of anaerobic capacity and body composition of ice and snow athletes

对不同运动等级男子冰雪项目运动员体成分、30秒无氧功特点及相关性进行分析,为运动员身体机能评定、科学运动训练、科学选材提供理论与实践依据。研究结果显示:一级以上男子冰雪项目运动员体重、BMI、体脂率显著低于二级运动员(P<0.05),瘦体重、蛋白质、肌肉量与二级运动员差异不显著(P>0.05);一级以上冰雪项目运动员无氧代谢系统供能能力明显优于二级运动员(P<0.05);相关分析显示身高与无氧功相关关系不显著(P>0.05),最大无氧功、平均无氧功与体重、BMI、瘦体重、蛋白质、肌肉量存在显著相关(P<0.05),疲劳指数与体成分相关关系不显著(P>0.05)。对冰雪项目运动员体成分及无氧能力进行研究,通过改善运动员膳食结构增加机体瘦体重含量,加强无氧无乳酸训练等增加机体无氧能力,对提高冰雪项目运动员运动成绩具有重要现实意义。

This paper analyzes the body composition,30 seconds anaerobic characteristics and correlation of male ice and snow athletes of different sports grades,so as to provide theoretical and practical basis for the evaluation of physical function,scientific sports training and scientific selection of athletes.The results show that:the weight,BMI and body fat rate of male ice and snow athletes above grade one are significantly lower than those of grade two athletes(P<0.05),and there is no significant difference in lean weight,protein and muscle mass between grade one and grade two athletes(P>0.05).The energy supply ability of anaerobic metabolism system of the first level and above ice and snow athletes was significantly better than that of the second level athletes(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between height and anaerobic work(P>0.05),maximum anaerobic work and average anaerobic work were significantly correlated with body weight,BMI,lean weight,protein and muscle mass(P<0.05),and fatigue index was not significantly correlated with body composition(P>0.05).It is of great practical significance to study the body composition and anaerobic capacity of ice and snow athletes,to increase the body weight and strengthen the anaerobic and lactic acid training to improve the performance of ice and snow athletes.