美国高校招生中生源多元化原则的合理性分析——以美国第一巡回法院判哈佛大学胜诉为例

Analysis of Rationality of Principles on Diversified Sources of Applicants in American College Admission:taking the case of the First Circuit Court of the United States in favor of Harvard University

根据美国第一巡回上诉法院的裁定,哈佛大学在招生录取过程中对于种族问题的考虑是符合宪法的规定,并没有歧视亚裔美国申请者,但是关于平权行动和亚裔美国申请者之间的争论仍未停止,围绕着是否允许基于种族因素的招生决定,平权行动一直在法律和教育领域接受挑战。最高法院在过去半个世纪中对大学平权行动相关判例的裁决原则为哈佛大学案奠定了法律基础。通过分析梳理最高法院对于平权行动相关案例的判决,明晰其裁决原则,在此基础上讨论哈佛大学生源多元化招生原则的合理性,同时也揭示了美国高校招生平权行动遭遇的现实挑战。

According to the ruling by the US Court of Appeals for the First Circuit,Harvard University’s consideration of racial issues in admission has been strictly reviewed to comply with the provisions of the Constitution,which did not discriminate against Asian-American applicants.However,the debate between affirmative action and Asian-American applicants has not stopped.Affirmative action has been challenged in the legal and educational fields around whether to allow admission decisions based on racial considerations.The Supreme Court’ s ruling principles on related precedents of affirmative action in the past half century have laid the legal foundation and principles for the Harvard University case.By exploring the Supreme Court’s ruling on related cases of affirmative action,the ruling principles can be clarified.The rationality of Harvard University’ s admission principles on diversified applicants is analyzed and the practical challenges encountered by affirmative action in American college admission are revealed.