基于行政效率的行政程序立法理念及实现路径

The legislative idea and realization path of administrative procedure based on administrative efficiency

完善行政程序立法是新时代我国推进依法行政、构建法治政府、实现全面依法治国的关键步骤。2015年12月27日,中共中央、国务院印发《法治政府建设实施纲要(2015—2020年)》,指出我国要完善行政组织和行政程序法律制度,加强行政程序制度建设,推进机构、职能、权限、程序、责任法定化。然而,在充分反思西方行政程序法制度经验,深入考察本国行政权力特征的基础上,当下我国的行政程序法规范仍存在“控权”比重过高,内部、执法程序规则缺失、程序价值认知不足以及规范体例相对零散等诸多困境。今后,我国的行政程序立法,应关注本土的行政运行实践,扭转传统的单一“控权”思维,补足现行的程序制度规则,贯彻“服务”“保障”“监督”“制约”四大理念,实现以“授权”为第一属性,“控权”为第二属性的程序规范转型,从而为保障行政权力的运行效率与活力提供制度支持。

Perfecting the legislation of administrative procedures is the key step to promote administration according to law,build a government ruled by law and realize the comprehensive rule of law in the new era.On 27 december 2020,the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the implementation outline for the construction of a government under the rule of law(2015—2020),which pointed out that China should improve the legal system of administrative organization and administrative procedure,reinforce the construction of administrative procedure system,and promote the legalization of institutions,functions,authorities,procedures and responsibilities.However,on the basis of full reflection on the experience of western administrative procedure law system and in-depth investigation of the characteristics of domestic administrative power,there are still many dilemmas in China’s current administrative procedure law,such as the high proportion of“power control”,the lack of internal and law enforcement procedure rules,the lack of cognition of procedure value,and the relatively scattered norms.In the future,China’s administrative procedure legislation should pay attention to the local practice of administrative operation,reverse the traditional single“power control”thinking,supplement the existing procedural rules,and implement the administrative procedure,implement the four concepts of“service”,“guarantee”,“supervision”and“restriction”,and realize the transformation of procedural norms with“authorization”as the first attribute and“power control”as the second attribute,so as to provide institutional support for ensuring the operation efficiency and vitality of administrative power.