作为新型监管机制的信用监管:效能提升与合法性控制

Credit Regulation as a New Regulation Mechanism:Efficiency Improvement and Legality Control

信用监管以市场主体的信用信息为基础,根据信用画像分配监管资源和开展监管活动,并对市场主体的守信或失信行为给予激励或制裁。相较于传统监管方式,信用监管能够提高执法精准度、降低执法成本、强化执法威慑,从而有效提升了监管效能,但其同时也面临着与依法行政原则、平等原则、禁止不当连结原则、比例原则、正当程序原则等公法基本原则的潜在冲突。未来应当进一步明确信用监管的性质与定位,推进信用监管与传统治理机制的对接,重视差异化监管措施的实质正当性,实现失信惩戒措施设定与使用的精细化,建立相应的程序保障和救济机制。

Credit regulation carries on regulatory activities and allocates supervisory resources according to the credit portrait which draws on the credit information of the market subjects.Based on the credit portrait,agency gives incentives or sanctions to the trustworthy or untrustworthy behaviors of market subjects.Compared with traditional regulatory tools,credit regulation has advantages in improving the accuracy of law enforcement,reducing the cost of law enforcement,and strengthening the deterrence of law enforcement.However,it faces potential conflicts with the basic principles of public law,such as the principle of administration according to law,the principle of equality,the principle of prohibition of improper connection,the principle of proportionality,and the principle of due process.In the future,it should further clarify the nature and positioning of credit regulation,promote the matching mechanism between credit regulation and traditional regulatory tools,focus on the legitimacy of differentiated regulatory measures,refine the setting and enforcing disciplinary mechanism of the trust breach behaviors,and establish the corresponding procedural safeguards and relief mechanisms.