高等教育促进收入代际流动性的机制研究

Research on Mechanism of Higher Education Promoting Intergenerational Mobility of Income

面对社会分化加剧、贫富差距拉大而高等教育又呈固化社会阶层的趋势,构建科学合理的高等教育影响收入代际流动性新机制愈益必要而迫切。本文综合运用课题组和国内学者相关研究的新成果,从流源、流型、流层、流质和流向五个方面全方位分析我国高等教育影响收入代际流动性存在的问题,发现高等教育促进弱势家庭子女收入代际流动性趋低,全日制之外促进收入代际流动性的教育渐趋削弱,高等教育促进收入代际流动性正被高中分流阻断,高校学业成绩促进学生收入代际流动性作用趋弱,高校学科专业与学生收入代际流动性关联不强。同时发现,我国高等教育影响收入代际流动性由政府主导机制推进,在机制主体、目标、运行、监管和动力等方面存在诸多发展困境。因此,我国高等教育促进收入代际流动性的多元选择机制是科学合理促进收入代际流动性的重要方法。

In the face of increasing social polarization,widening gap between the rich and the poor and the trend of higher education solidifying social stratification,it is increasingly necessary and urgent to build a scientific and reasonable new mechanism for higher education to promote intergenerational mobility of income.This study comprehensively uses the recent results of the research team and relevant domestic scholars to analyze the problems of higher education affecting the intergenerational mobility of income from five aspects:flow source,flow pattern,flow layer,flow quality and flow direction in China.Here are some findings.In terms of the intergenerational mobility of income,we find that higher education promotes lower income mobility of children from disadvantaged families;the influence of education except full-time school is gradually weakening;the income mobility is being blocked by high schools;the effect of academic performance on income mobility is becoming declining;the correlation between academic disciplines and majors in colleges and universities and the income mobility is not very close.At the same time,we also find that the income mobility mechanism is mainly promoted by the government and there are many development difficulties in the subject,objectives,operation,supervision and motivation.Therefore,a multiple selection mechanism is an important approach for higher education to promote intergenerational income mobility in a scientific and rational manner.