社会组织参与公共卫生突发事件治理的激励机制——以政策工具为视角

Incentive Mechanism for Social Organizations to the Participation the Process of Public Health Emergencies Governance—From the Perspective of Policy Instruments

公共卫生突发事件治理具有特殊性,动员社会组织参与需要政策激励。在体制既定的前提下,政策工具及其应用成为有效治理的优先选项。本文根据社会组织的属性特征与行动偏好,从类型学角度区分了三类不同政策工具:一是针对大型社会组织的政府扶持型政策工具,二是针对小型和初创组织的政府培育型政策工具,三是形式多样的其他类型政策工具。同时,本文认为要取得理想的政策激励效果,需要实现政策工具与激励强度的有效匹配。当政策工具与激励强度匹配处于非间断状态时,激励结果是理想的,具有可预期性;相反,非连贯状态下匹配的结果是激励不足;而连贯与间断交替的激励机制则是一种常态。基于此,本文从社会组织属地化、亲社会态度、行动偏好、政治信用等方面提出了政策激励工具调适的可能选项。

The governance of public health emergencies has its specific characteristics,and the mobilization of social organizations’participation requires policy incentives.Provided the established system,the priority of effective governance is through the policy instrument.Based upon the characteristics and action preference results of social organizations,the incentive policy instruments can be categorized into three types:one is government-supported instruments for the large social organizations;the other is government-cultivated instruments for small or start-up social organizations;the third one is instruments in various forms.To match them with policy incentive intensity,this paper argues that the policy instruments and incentive intensity are predictable under continuum;on the contrary,the state of non-continuum leads to failure.In comparison,the incentive mechanism between the two states is common,which not only verifies the complexity governance of public health emergency,but also shows that policy incentives are adjustable.This paper puts forward the corresponding alternatives of incentive adjustment from the aspects of localization of social organizations,pro-society attitudes,action preferences,and political credit.